Danger GHS02GHS08GHS07GHS09 NOAEL Data IARC Group 3 REACH Registered Cosmetic Ingredient

D-Limonene

Also known as: (4R)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene, Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (4R)-, Citrene, EINECS 227-813-5, FEMA No. 2633 (+14 more)

CAS 5989-27-5

D-Limonene (CAS 5989-27-5) is a chemical substance with GHS signal word Danger; key hazard signal: H226; H304; H315; H317; H400; H412. Key regulatory status: REACH registered, 60 regulatory/inventory lists, cosmetic ingredient cross-reference; source data from ECHA CLP, EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS, IARC, ECHA REACH, ILO ICSC.

View cosmetic safety profile for Limonene →

Cross-Vertical Regulatory Divergence

D-Limonene is classified GHS Danger (H226, H304, H315, H317, H400, H412) in the chemicals database but is restricted in EU cosmetics at max >0.001% leave-on, >0.01% rinse-off (mandatory label declaration).

SOURCE Cross-vertical comparison Cosmetics: ingredients.eu_status/eu_max; Chemicals: eu_clp_annex_vi.signal_word/hazard_statement_code

SOURCE noael studies public

NOAEL studies

100

SOURCE chemical inventory jurisdictions

Regulatory lists

SOURCE eu clp annex vi

GHS signal

Danger

Chemical Identity

CAS, identifiers, formula, and alternate names for the matched substance record.

SOURCE DSSTox identifiers 25 fields

Name

D-Limonene

CAS Number

5989-27-5

DTXSID

DTXSID1020778

Molecular Formula

C10H16

InChI Key

XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N

Monoisotopic Mass

136.125201

Synonyms

(4R)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexeneCyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (4R)-CitreneEINECS 227-813-5FEMA No. 2633(+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexeneKautschiin(+)-R-Limonened-p-Mentha-1,8-diene1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene, (R)-NCI-C55572(+)-alpha-Limonene

IARC Carcinogen Classification

Carcinogenic hazard classification from IARC monograph evaluations.

SOURCE IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans 1 records

Group	Meaning	Evaluated	Volume
Group 3	Not classifiable	1998	56, 73

GHS / CLP Classification

EU harmonized hazard classification, hazard statements, pictograms, and signal word.

SOURCE EU CLP Annex VI (ECHA) 1 classifications

Hazard Class	H-Statements	Pictograms	Signal
Flam. Liq. 3; Asp. Tox. 1; Skin Irrit. 2; Skin Sens. 1B; Aquatic Acute 1; Aquatic Chronic 3	H226; H304; H315; H317; H400; H412	GHS02; GHS08; GHS07; GHS09	Danger

ICSC Chemical Safety

International Chemical Safety Card hazard and exposure summary.

SOURCE ILO/WHO International Chemical Safety Cards 1 records

Field	Value
Short-term Effects	The substance is irritating to the skin. The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes.
Long-term Effects	Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. See Notes.

Functional Uses

Industrial and product-use categories associated with this substance.

SOURCE EPA CPDat 60 records

SolventFragranceFlavouring and nutrient

Regulatory Lists

Inventory, screening, and regulatory list matches from public chemical databases.

SOURCE EPA CPDat 60 records

List	Keyword	Source
Canada; pharmaceutical	DrugBank	DrugBank
SCIL (9/2019)	USEPA	Safer Chemical Ingredients List
active_ingredient; Europe; Pesticides	Commission of the European Communities	CPCat
Europe	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
Europe; Personal care	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
Europe; Personal care	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
inert_ingredient; Pesticides	EPA	CPCat
Cleaning products and household care - shoes; Europe	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
Cleaning products and household care - shoes; Europe	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
detected; Europe; Personal care - nails - nail polish	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
detected; Europe; Personal care - make-up and related	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
Cleaning products and household care; Europe	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
Cleaning products and household care - laundry and fabric treatment - laundry stain remover; detected; Europe	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
Cleaning products and household care - carpet and floor - carpet cleaner; Cleaning products and household care - laundry and fabric treatment - laundry stain remover; detected; Europe	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
Cleaning products and household care - carpet and floor - carpet cleaner; detected; Europe	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
Cleaning products and household care - laundry and fabric treatment - laundry stain remover; detected; Europe	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
Europe; Personal care - sexual wellness	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
inert_ingredient; non_food_use; Pesticides	EPA	CPCat
Cleaning products and household care - air freshener; detected; Europe; Vehicle - car interior - auto air freshener	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Toys and children's products	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Toys and children's products	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Toys and children's products	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
detected; wastewater	USGS	United States Geological Survey (USGS)
consumer_product; detected; Europe	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
consumer_product; detected; Europe	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
consumer_product; detected; Europe	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
detected; Europe; Other indirect contact consumer goods	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Vehicle - car interior	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Vehicle - car interior	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Vehicle - car interior	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Vehicle - car interior	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Vehicle - car interior	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Vehicle - car interior - auto air freshener	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Vehicle - car interior	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Vehicle - car interior	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
detected; Europe; Vehicle - car interior	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Vehicle - car interior	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Vehicle - car interior	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Vehicle - car interior	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA
air; detected; emissions; Europe; Vehicle - car interior - auto air freshener	Danish Environmental Protection Agency	Danish EPA

NOAEL Studies

Toxicology endpoints rendered from public NOAEL study rows.

SOURCE NOAEL studies Showing 50 of 100 studies

Value	Unit	Endpoint	Route	Species	Source
216.7	ug/mL	CD54, EC200	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
30.03	ug/mL	CD86, EC150	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
278	ug/mL	CD86, EC150	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
>200	ug/mL	CV70	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
736.6	ug/mL	CV75	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
=66.7	mg/m3	DNEL systemic	inhalation	Human	ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL
18.6	%	Depletion Cys	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
-	%	Depletion Lys	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
>2000	uM	EC1.5	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
4000	uM	EC1.5	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
69	%	EC3	Dermal	Mouse	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
69	%	EC3	Dermal	Mouse	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
69	%	EC3	Dermal	Mouse	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
69	%	EC3	Dermal	Mouse	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
39.8	min	ET50	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_irritation
47.6	min	ET50	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_irritation
52.5	min	ET50	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_irritation
74.8	min	ET50	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_irritation
76.2	min	ET50	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_irritation
95.8	min	ET50	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_irritation
142	min	ET50	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_irritation
224	min	ET50	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_irritation
258	min	ET50	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_irritation
GFD7C86Q1W	UNII	FDA UNII substance identifier	-	-	openFDA substances
GFD7C86Q1W	UNII	FDA UNII substance identifier	-	-	openFDA substances
GFD7C86Q1W	UNII	FDA UNII substance identifier	-	-	openFDA substances
GFD7C86Q1W	UNII	FDA UNII substance identifier	-	-	openFDA substances
3	IARC group	IARC carcinogenicity classification	-	-	IARC Monographs
3	unitless	IARC group	-	-	NTP_ICE_cancer
82.27	uM	IC50	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
118.1	uM	IC50	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
1.14	ratio	Imax	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
1.205	ratio	Imax	Dermal	-	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
-	%	Incidence of positive responses	Dermal	Human	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
4966	ug/cm2	Induction dose per skin area	Dermal	Human	NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization
=4400	mg/kg bw	LD50	oral	Rat	NTP_ICE_acute_oral
=5000	mg/kg bw	LD50	oral	Rat	NTP_ICE_acute_oral
=75	mg/kg bw/day	LEL	oral	rat (fischer; Fischer 344)	ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv
=600	mg/kg bw/day	LEL	oral	rat (fischer; Fischer 344)	ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv
=1000	mg/kg bw/day	LEL	oral	mouse (b6c3f1; B6C3F1)	ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv
=30	mg/kg bw/day	LOAEL	oral	Rat	ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID
=30	mg/kg bw/day	LOAEL	oral	Rat	ToxValDB_HPVIS
=500	mg/kg bw/day	LOAEL	oral	Rabbit	ToxValDB_HPVIS
=600	mg/kg bw/day	LOAEL	oral	Rat	ToxValDB_HPVIS
=1000	mg/kg bw/day	LOAEL	oral	Mouse	ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID
=1000	mg/kg bw/day	LOAEL	oral	Mouse	ToxValDB_HPVIS
=1200	mg/kg bw/day	LOAEL	oral	Rat	ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID
=1650	mg/kg bw/day	LOAEL	oral	Rat	ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID
=2363	mg/kg bw/day	LOAEL	oral	Mouse	ToxValDB_HPVIS
=2770	mg/kg bw/day	LOAEL	oral	Rat	ToxValDB_HPVIS

Showing 50 of 100 studies

REACH Registration

Registration status from the ECHA REACH registered substances database.

SOURCE ECHA (EU) 1 records

Status	Name	EC Number	Link
Registered	(R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene	227-813-5	ECHA overview →

Australian Status (AICIS)

Australian industrial chemicals inventory status and applicable conditions.

SOURCE AICIS inventory 1 records

Inventory Status

listed_with_terms

Conditions

Specific information requirements: Obligations to provide information apply. These obligations are: 1. If the assessment report about the chemical recommends secondary notification of the chemical in particular circumstances and any of the circumstances occur in relation to the introduction (importation or manufacture) of the chemical by a person, then the person introducing this chemical must tell us in writing within 28 calendar days that the circumstances have occurred. 2. A person who introduces this chemical must tell us in writing within 28 calendar days if they become aware of any of the following circumstances, namely, that since the assessment under the Industrial Chemicals (Notification and Assessment) Act 1989: a. the function or use of the chemical has changed, or is likely to change, significantly; b. the amount of the chemical being introduced has increased, or is likely to increase, significantly; c. in the case of a chemical not manufactured, or proposed to be manufactured, in Australia at the time of the assessment—it has begun to be manufactured in Australia; d. the method of manufacture of the chemical in Australia has changed, or is likely to change, in a way that may result in an increased risk of an adverse effect of the chemical on occupational health and safety, public health or the environment; e. additional information has become available to the person as to an adverse effect of the chemical on occupational health and safety, public health or the environment.

Cosmetic Safety Profile

Same-CAS cosmetic ingredient record for cross-vertical context.

SOURCE CosIng / Ingredients DB

EU Status

restricted

Max

>0.001% leave-on, >0.01% rinse-off (mandatory label declaration)

Pharmaceutical Data

Same-CAS pharmaceutical records from drug and bioactivity sources.

SOURCE EMBL-EBI ChEMBL D-LIMONENE

ChEMBL Phase

Adverse Events

Bioactivity

View full pharmaceutical profile →

Food Safety Data

Same-CAS food additive, ADI, and GRAS records where available.

SOURCE EFSA / FDA GRAS 1 records

ADI: NOT SPECIFIED (1993) mg/kg bw

View full food safety profile →

Cannabis Data

Same-CAS cannabis compliance and lab records where available.

SOURCE Cannabis regulatory / lab data efsa substances

1 cannabis record found in efsa substances.

View full cannabis profile →

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the GHS hazard classification for D-Limonene?

D-Limonene (CAS 5989-27-5) is classified under EU CLP Annex VI as Flam. Liq. 3; Asp. Tox. 1; Skin Irrit. 2; Skin Sens. 1B; Aquatic Acute 1; Aquatic Chronic 3 with signal word Danger. Hazard statements: H226; H304; H315; H317; H400; H412. Source: EU CLP Annex VI (ECHA).

What is the NOAEL for D-Limonene?

D-Limonene has 100 NOAEL studies in the database. The lowest reported value is 0 % via Dermal. Source: NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization.

What regulatory lists include D-Limonene?

D-Limonene appears on 30 regulatory/inventory lists including Canada; pharmaceutical, SCIL (9/2019), active_ingredient; Europe; Pesticides, and 27 more. Source: EPA CPDat.

Is D-Limonene a carcinogen according to IARC?

D-Limonene is classified by IARC as Group 3 — not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (evaluated 1998). Source: IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans.

Is D-Limonene used in cosmetics?

Yes, D-Limonene is also indexed as a cosmetic ingredient under the name Limonene. View the full cosmetic safety profile on the ingredient page for detailed safety data, SCCS opinions, and regulatory status.

Where does the safety data for D-Limonene come from?

Safety data is sourced from ECHA CLP Annex VI, EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS (Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme), EPA DSSTox, IARC Monographs, ECHA REACH, ILO/WHO ICSC, CosIng / Ingredients DB, ChEMBL / DailyMed, EFSA / FDA GRAS, cannabis regulatory/lab databases. All data traces to primary regulatory sources and is updated from official government databases.

Does D-Limonene have different safety status in cosmetics vs industrial chemicals?

Is D-Limonene used outside industrial chemicals?

D-Limonene also appears in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, food safety, cannabis databases.