Food Safety Substance
CarbonE153
Carbon (E153) is a food additive with PUBLISHED in the EU, FDA has no questions in the US, and data from 11 regulatory sources.
CAS 7440-44-0
E153
Indexable evidence set
FDA
FDA has no questions
ADI / TDI
EFSA ADI = 0.2 mg/kg bw/day
Codex
60 row(s)
SOURCE
D1 identity resolution
e number aliases | Food Additives | dsstox identifiers | 11 matched regulatory source group(s)
Substance Identity
Resolved identifiers used to render this food-safety record.
Substance name
Carbon
CAS
7440-44-0
E-number
E153
DTXSID
DTXSID9027651
PubChem CID
5462310
Evidence tier
Indexable evidence set (16)
SOURCE
EU Commission
FDA | Health Canada | Codex Alimentarius
Multi-Jurisdiction Comparison
Side-by-side status rows for the same resolved substance across public food regulators.
| Jurisdiction | Authority | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | EU Commission | PUBLISHED | EU additive listing; Annex II entry |
| United States | FDA | FDA has no questions | GRAS notice |
| Canada | Health Canada | Listed | Anticaking agent |
| Codex | Codex Alimentarius | Listed | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Food Additives | EU Food Additives Database
EU Food Additive Status
EU Commission food-additive listing rows from eu_food_additives.
| Jurisdiction | E-number | Status | Type | Name | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | E290 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Carbon dioxide | - |
| European Union | E170 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Calcium carbonate | - |
| European Union | E153 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Vegetable carbon | - |
| European Union | E242 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Dimethyl dicarbonate | - |
| European Union | E500 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Sodium carbonates | - |
| European Union | E153 | PUBLISHED | group | Carbonates | - |
| European Union | E501 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Potassium carbonate | - |
| European Union | E503 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Ammonium carbonates | - |
| European Union | E504 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Magnesium carbonates | - |
| European Union | E153 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Sodium hydrogenate carbonate | - |
| European Union | E153 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Potassium hydrogen carbonate | - |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Annex II Authorised | EU Food Additives Database
EU Annex II Authorised Uses
Authorised additive rows and use conditions from EU Annex II tables.
| Jurisdiction | E-number | Name | INS | Policy item | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | E153 | Vegetable carbon | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3008 | - |
| European Union | E170 | Calcium carbonate | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3019 | - |
| European Union | E242 | Dimethyl dicarbonate | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3055 | - |
| European Union | E290 | Carbon dioxide | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3074 | - |
| European Union | E500 | Sodium carbonates | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3200 | - |
| European Union | - | Carbonates | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3201 | - |
| European Union | - | Sodium hydrogenate carbonate | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3361 | - |
| European Union | E501 | Potassium carbonate | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3202 | - |
| European Union | - | Potassium hydrogen carbonate | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3362 | - |
| European Union | E503 | Ammonium carbonates | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3203 | - |
| European Union | E504 | Magnesium carbonates | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-3204 | - |
Conditions and restrictions
| Jurisdiction | Food category | Restriction | Comment | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | 4.2.4.1 fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote | quantum satis | Only seaweed based fish roe analogues | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | quantum satis | only fish paste and crustacean paste | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | quantum satis | only precooked crustacean | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | quantum satis | only smoked fish | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 1.7.2 ripened cheese | quantum satis | only morbier cheese | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | quantum satis | only fish paste and crustacean paste | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | quantum satis | only precooked crustacean | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | quantum satis | only smoked fish | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 4.2.4.1 fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote | quantum satis | Only seaweed based fish roe analogues | EU Food Additives Database |
SOURCE
Codex Alimentarius
Codex GSFA
Codex GSFA Status
Codex Alimentarius GSFA permissions and maximum-use rows.
| Jurisdiction | INS / E-number | Function | Food category | Max level | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 01.2.1.1 Fermented milks (plain), not heat-treated after fermentation | GMP | For use as a stabilizer or thickener only.; For use in products conforming to the Standard for Fermented Milks (CXS243-2003) only.; For use in reconstituted and recombined... |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 01.2.1.2 Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation | GMP | Except for use in plain products conforming to the Standard for Fermented Milks (CXS243-2003) as a stabilizer or thickener. |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 01.2.2 Renneted milk (plain) | GMP | - |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 01.4.1 Pasteurized cream (plain) | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Cream and Prepared Creams (CXS 288-1976) |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 01.4.2 Sterilized and UHT creams, whipping and whipped creams, and reduced fat creams (plain) | GMP | - |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 01.5.1 Milk powder and cream powder (plain) | GMP | Except for use in products conforming to the Standard for Milk Products and Cream Powder (CXS 207-1999): bone phosphate (INS 542), calcium carbonate (INS 170(i)), calcium... |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 01.8.2 Dried whey and whey products, excluding whey cheeses | 10,000 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Dairy Permeate Powders (CXS 331-2017). |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 04.2.2.7 Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1, 12.9.2.1 and 12.9.2.3 | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Gochujang (CXS 294-2009). |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 06.4.1 Fresh pastas and noodles and like products | GMP | - |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 06.4.2 Dried pastas and noodles and like products | GMP | For use in noodles, gluten-free pasta and pasta intended for hypoproteic diets only. |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 08.1.1 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts | GMP | For use in fresh meat, poultry and game products only.; For use in decoration, stamping, marking or branding the product only.; For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for... |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 08.1.2 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted | GMP | For use in fresh minced meat which contains other ingredients apart from comminuted meat only.; For use in decoration, stamping, marking or branding the product only.; For use in... |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 09.2.1 Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Shrimps and Prawns (CODEX STAN 92-1981).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Live Abalone and for Raw... |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 09.2.2 Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Fish Sticks (Fish Fingers), Fish Portions and Fish Fillets – Breaded or in Batter (CODEX STAN 166-1989).; For use in... |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 09.2.3 Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 09.2.4 Cooked and/or fried fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | - |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 09.2.5 Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Crackers from Marine and Freshwater Fish, Crustaceans and Molluscan Shellfish (CODEX STAN 222-2001).; Excluding products... |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 12.1.1 Salt | GMP | - |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 12.1.2 Salt Substitutes | GMP | - |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 12.2.1 Herbs and spices | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Dried Floral Parts - Saffron (CXS 351-2022).; For herbs use is limited to herbs that have been ground or processed into powder... |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 13.2 Complementary foods for infants and young children | GMP | - |
| Codex | 170(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer | 14.1.5 Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa | GMP | For use in ready-to-drink products and pre-mixes for ready-to-drink products only. |
| Codex | 242 | Preservative | 14.1.2 Fruit and vegetable juices | 250 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars (CXS 247-2005). |
| Codex | 242 | Preservative | 14.1.3 Fruit and vegetable nectars | 250 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars (CXS 247-2005). |
| Codex | 242 | Preservative | 14.1.4 Water-based flavoured drinks, including sport, energy, or electrolyte drinks and particulated drinks | 250 mg/kg | As added level; residue not detected in ready-to-eat food. |
| Codex | 242 | Preservative | 14.1.5 Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa | 250 mg/kg | As added level; residue not detected in ready-to-eat food. |
| Codex | 242 | Preservative | 14.2.2 Cider and perry | 250 mg/kg | As added level; residue not detected in ready-to-eat food. |
| Codex | 242 | Preservative | 14.2.3 Grape wines | 200 mg/kg | As added level; residue not detected in ready-to-eat food. |
| Codex | 242 | Preservative | 14.2.4 Wines (other than grape) | 250 mg/kg | As added level; residue not detected in ready-to-eat food. |
| Codex | 242 | Preservative | 14.2.5 Mead | 200 mg/kg | As added level; residue not detected in ready-to-eat food. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 01.2.1.1 Fermented milks (plain), not heat-treated after fermentation | GMP | Except for use in products conforming to the Standard for Fermented Milks (CXS 243-2003) as a carbonating agent in drinks based on fermented milks. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 01.2.1.2 Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation | GMP | For use as a packaging gas only.; Except for use in products conforming to the Standard for Fermented Milks (CXS 243-2003) as a carbonating agent in drinks based on fermented... |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 01.2.2 Renneted milk (plain) | GMP | For use as a packaging gas only. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 01.4.2 Sterilized and UHT creams, whipping and whipped creams, and reduced fat creams (plain) | GMP | For use in whipped cream and cream packed under pressure only.; For use as a packaging gas only. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 04.1.1.3 Peeled or cut fresh fruit | GMP | For use as a packaging gas only. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 06.4.1 Fresh pastas and noodles and like products | GMP | For use as a packaging gas only.; For use in noodles only. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 09.2.5 Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Salted Atlantic Herring and Salted Sprat (CODEX STAN 244-2004).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Crackers from... |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 13.1.1 Infant formulae | GMP | For use as a packaging gas only. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 13.1.2 Follow-up formulae | GMP | For use as a packaging gas only. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 13.1.3 Formulae for special medical purposes for infants | GMP | For use as a packaging gas only. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 13.2 Complementary foods for infants and young children | GMP | For use as a packaging gas only. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 14.1.1.1 Natural mineral waters and source waters | GMP | For use to produce carbonated products only. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 14.1.1.2 Table waters and soda waters | GMP | For use to produce carbonated products only. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 14.1.2.1 Fruit juice | GMP | For use as a carbonating agent only. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 14.1.2.3 Concentrates for fruit juice | GMP | For use as a carbonating agent only.; On the served to the consumer basis. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 14.1.3.1 Fruit nectar | GMP | For use as a carbonating agent only. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 14.1.3.3 Concentrates for fruit nectar | GMP | For use as a carbonating agent only.; On the served to the consumer basis. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 14.1.5 Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa | GMP | For use as a packaging gas only.; For use in ready-to-drink products and pre-mixes for ready-to-drink products only. |
| Codex | 290 | Carbonating agent; Foaming agent; Packaging gas; Preservative; Propellant | 14.2.3 Grape wines | GMP | The CO2 content in finished still wine shall not exceed 4000 mg/kg at 20o C. |
| Codex | 500(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Emulsifying salt; Raising agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 01.2.1.2 Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation | GMP | Except for use in plain fermented milks and drinks based on fermented milks that are heat treated after fermentation conforming to the Standard for Fermented Milks (CXS 243-2003)... |
| Codex | 500(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Emulsifying salt; Raising agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 01.4.1 Pasteurized cream (plain) | GMP | Except for use in products conforming to the Standard for Cream and Prepared Creams (CXS 288-1976) as an acidity regulator. |
| Codex | 500(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Emulsifying salt; Raising agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 01.4.2 Sterilized and UHT creams, whipping and whipped creams, and reduced fat creams (plain) | GMP | - |
| Codex | 500(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Emulsifying salt; Raising agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 01.8.2 Dried whey and whey products, excluding whey cheeses | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Dairy Permeate Powders (CXS 331-2017). |
| Codex | 500(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Emulsifying salt; Raising agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 02.2.1 Butter | GMP | - |
| Codex | 500(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Emulsifying salt; Raising agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 04.2.2.7 Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1, 12.9.2.1 and 12.9.2.3 | GMP | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Gochujang (CXS 294-2009). |
| Codex | 500(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Emulsifying salt; Raising agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 06.2.2 Starches | GMP | - |
| Codex | 500(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Emulsifying salt; Raising agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 06.4.1 Fresh pastas and noodles and like products | 10,000 mg/kg | - |
| Codex | 500(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Emulsifying salt; Raising agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 06.4.2 Dried pastas and noodles and like products | GMP | For use in noodles, gluten-free pasta and pasta intended for hypoproteic diets only. |
| Codex | 500(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Emulsifying salt; Raising agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 09.2.2 Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | For use in breading or batter coatings only. |
| Codex | 500(i) | Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Emulsifying salt; Raising agent; Stabilizer; Thickener | 09.2.3 Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | GMP | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. |
SOURCE
FDA
FDA GRAS
FDA GRAS Status
US FDA GRAS notice evidence from enriched and notice tables.
| Jurisdiction | GRN | Substance | FDA response | Intended use | Basis | Notifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 83 | Carbon monoxide | FDA has no questions | Use in the packaging of fresh cuts of muscle meat and ground meat as a component of a gas mixture in a modified atmosphere packaging system to maintain wholesomeness, provide... | Scientific procedures | Pactiv Corporation |
| United States | 143 | Carbon monoxide | FDA has no questions | Use as a component of a modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) system for case-ready fresh beef and pork | Scientific procedures | Precept Foods, LLC. |
| United States | 166 | Carbon monoxide | At the notifier's request, FDA ceased to evaluate this notice | Use in water-based brine or marinade for modified atmosphere packaging for red meat products | Scientific procedures | Freezing Machines, Inc. |
| United States | 167 | Carbon monoxide | FDA has no questions | Use in modified atmosphere packing for red meat products | Scientific procedures | Tyson Foods, Inc. |
| United States | 188 | Carbon monoxide | At the notifier's request, FDA ceased to evaluate this notice | In modified atmosphere packing (MAP) for red meat products at levels of 5.5 milligrams/pound (12 milligrams/kilogram) of packaged meat | Scientific procedures | Tyson Foods, Inc. |
| United States | 194 | Carbon monoxide | FDA has no questions | As a dissolved gas at a concentration of 21.4 milliliters per liter of brine/marinade solution that is injected into beef muscle parts that are vacuum-packed, and prepared for... | Scientific procedures | Freezing Machines, Inc. |
| United States | 251 | Carbon monoxide | FDA has no questions | At a concentration of 0.4% as a component of a modified atmosphere packaging system for fresh ground and muscle red meat | Scientific procedures | Vincent Mercogliano |
| United States | 1018 | Carbon monoxide | FDA has no questions | Intended for use as a component of a modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) system at levels up to 0.4% of the MAP system in fully cooked, sliced, pre-packed, ready-to-eat (RTE) deli... | Scientific procedures | Cargill, Incorporated |
| United States | 1094 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BY-989 expressing a gene encoding a carbon-sulfur lyase from Citrobacter freundii | FDA has no questions | Intended for use at up to 1.5 x 107 cells per mL of wort in the production of beer to enhance the flavor profile. | Scientific procedures | Berkeley Fermentation Science Inc. |
| United States | 83 | Carbon monoxide | FDA has no questions | Use in the packaging of fresh cuts of muscle meat and ground meat as a component of a gas mixture in a modified atmosphere packaging system to maintain wholesomeness, provide... | Scientific procedures | Pactiv Corporation |
| United States | 143 | Carbon monoxide | FDA has no questions | Use as a component of a modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) system for case-ready fresh beef and pork | Scientific procedures | Precept Foods, LLC. |
| United States | 167 | Carbon monoxide | FDA has no questions | Use in modified atmosphere packing for red meat products | Scientific procedures | Tyson Foods, Inc. |
| United States | 188 | Carbon monoxide | At the notifier's request, FDA ceased to evaluate this notice | In modified atmosphere packing (MAP) for red meat products at levels of 5.5 milligrams/pound (12 milligrams/kilogram) of packaged meat | Scientific procedures | Tyson Foods, Inc. |
| United States | 251 | Carbon monoxide | FDA has no questions | At a concentration of 0.4% as a component of a modified atmosphere packaging system for fresh ground and muscle red meat | Scientific procedures | Vincent Mercogliano |
| United States | 1018 | Carbon monoxide | FDA has no questions (in PDF) | Intended for use as a component of a modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) system at levels up to 0.4% of the MAP system in fully cooked, sliced, pre-packed, ready-to-eat (RTE) deli... | Scientific procedures | Cargill, Incorporated |
| United States | 1094 | <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strain BY-989 expressing a gene encoding a carbon-sulfur lyase from <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> | FDA has no questions (in PDF) | Intended for use at up to 1.5 x 10<sup>7</sup> cells per mL of wort in the production of beer to enhance the flavor profile. | Scientific procedures | Berkeley Fermentation Science Inc. |
| United States | 194 | Carbon monoxide | FDA has no questions | As a dissolved gas at a concentration of 21.4 milliliters per liter of brine/marinade solution that is injected into beef muscle parts that are vacuum-packed, and prepared for... | Scientific procedures | Freezing Machines, Inc. |
| United States | 166 | Carbon monoxide | At the notifier's request, FDA ceased to evaluate this notice | Use in water-based brine or marinade for modified atmosphere packaging for red meat products | Scientific procedures | Freezing Machines, Inc. |
SOURCE
Health Canada
Health Canada Status
Health Canada food-additive permissions by functional class and food scope.
| Jurisdiction | Class | Permitted foods | Maximum level | List |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | Anticaking agent | (a) Garlic salt, except garlic salt used in preparations of meat and meat by-products; Onion salt, except onion salt used in preparations of meat and meat by-product | (a) If used singly, the amount not to exceed 2.0%. If used in any combination with other anticaking agents, the total combined amount not to exceed 2.0%. | List of Permitted Anticaking Agents |
| Canada | Flour treatment agent | (a) Bread | - | List of Permitted Flour Treatment Agents |
| Canada | Stabilizing agent | (a)Blend of prepared fish and prepared meat as set out in paragraph 18.1.3(g) of Volume 18 of the Food Compositional Standards Document | (a)Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Emulsifying, Gelling, Stabilizing or Thickening Agents |
| Canada | Emulsifying, stabilizing or thickening agent | (b)Unstandardized foods | (b)Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Emulsifying, Gelling, Stabilizing or Thickening Agents |
| Canada | Filler | - | (a) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Creaming and fixing agent | - | (b) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Carrier and dusting agent | - | (c) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Carrier of benzoyl peroxide | - | (d) If used singly, the amount not to exceed 900 ppm. If used in any combination with other carriers of benzoyl peroxide, set out in this list or in sections 12.1.1 and 12.1.3 of Volume 12 of the Food Compositional Standards Document, the total combined amount not to exceed 900 ppm. | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Carbonating agent | - | (a) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | To extend durable life | - | (b) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Carbonating agent and pressure dispensing agent | - | (c) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Release agent | - | (a) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Carrier of benzoyl peroxide | - | (b) If used singly, the amount not to exceed 900 ppm. If used in any combination with other carriers of benzoyl peroxide, set out in this list or in sections 12.1.1 and 12.1.3 of Volume 12 of the Food Compositional Standards Document, the total combined amount not to exceed 900 ppm. | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | To stabilize potassium iodide added to salt for table or general household use | - | (a) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Aerating agent | - | (b) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | To reduce processing losses and to reduce thaw drip | - | To be used in combination with sodium hexametaphosphate or sodium potassium hexametaphosphate, or both. In any case, the amount of sodium carbonate not to exceed 15% of the combination. | List of Permitted Food Additives with Other Purposes of Use |
| Canada | Acidity regulator | (a) Cocoa products as defined in Volume 4 of the Food Compositional Standards Document | (a) Good Manufacturing Practice. If used singly, the amount of ammonium bicarbonate in neutralizing value, calculated from its weight, not to exceed the neutralizing value of 5% anhydrous potassium carbonate by weight of the cocoa product, calculated on a fat-free basis. If used in any combination with other acidity regulators, the total combined amount of these acidity regulators in neutralizing value, calculated from their respective weight not to exceed the neutralizing value of 5% anhydrous potassium carbonate by weight of the cocoa product, calculated on a fat-free basis. This total combined amount does not include any of citric acid, phosphoric acid or tartaric acid that may be added up to their respective maximum levels of use set out in this list. | List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials |
| Canada | Acidity regulator | (b) Unstandardized foods | (b) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials |
| Canada | Acidity regulator | (a) Cocoa products as defined in Volume 4 of the Food Compositional Standards Document | (a) Good Manufacturing Practice. If used singly, the amount of ammonium carbonate in neutralizing value, calculated from its weight, not to exceed the neutralizing value of 5% anhydrous potassium carbonate by weight of the cocoa product, calculated on a fat-free basis. If used in any combination with other acidity regulators, the total combined amount of these acidity regulators in neutralizing value, calculated from their respective weight, not to exceed the neutralizing value of 5% anhydrous potassium carbonate by weight of the cocoa product, calculated on a fat-free basis. This total combined amount does not include any of citric acid, phosphoric acid or tartaric acid that may be added up to their respective maximum levels of use set out in this list. | List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials |
| Canada | Acidity regulator | (b) Unstandardized foods | (b) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials |
| Canada | Acidity regulator | (a) Cocoa products as defined in Volume 4 of the Food Compositional Standards Document | (a) Good Manufacturing Practice. If used singly, the amount of calcium carbonate in neutralizing value, calculated from its weight, not to exceed the neutralizing value of 5% anhydrous potassium carbonate by weight of the cocoa product, calculated on a fat-free basis. If used in any combination with other acidity regulators, the total combined amount of these acidity regulators in neutralizing value, calculated from their respective weight, not to exceed the neutralizing value of 5% anhydrous potassium carbonate by weight of the cocoa product, calculated on a fat-free basis. This total combined amount does not include any of citric acid, phosphoric acid or tartaric acid that may be added up to their respective maximum levels of use set out in this list. | List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials |
| Canada | Acidity regulator | (b) Cold-pack (naming the variety) cheese; Cold-pack cheese food; Cold-pack cheese food with (naming the added ingredients); Cold-pack (naming the variety) cheese with (naming the added ingredients); Cream cheese... | (b) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials |
| Canada | Acidity regulator | (c) Fruit wine; Wine | (c) Good Manufacturing Practice. The content of tartaric acid in the finished wine not to be less than 1,500 ppm weight by volume. | List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials |
| Canada | Acidity regulator | (d) Grape juice | (d) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials |
| Canada | Acidity regulator | (e) Ice cream mix; Ice milk mix | (e) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials |
| Canada | Acidity regulator | (f) Infant cereal products | (f) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials |
| Canada | Acidity regulator | (g) Unstandardized foods | (g) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials |
| Canada | Acidity regulator | Milk used in the manufacture of (naming the variety) cheese | Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials |
| Canada | Acidity regulator | (a) Cocoa products as defined in Volume 4 of the Food Compositional Standards Document | (a) Good Manufacturing Practice. If used singly, the amount of magnesium carbonate in neutralizing value, calculated from its weight, not to exceed the neutralizing value of 5% anhydrous potassium carbonate by weight of the cocoa product, calculated on a fat-free basis. If used in any combination with other acidity regulators, the total combined amount of these acidity regulators in neutralizing value, calculated from their respective weight, not to exceed the neutralizing value of 5% anhydrous potassium carbonate by weight of the cocoa product, calculated on a fat-free basis. This total combined amount does not include any of citric acid, phosphoric acid or tartaric acid that may be added up to their respective maximum levels of use set out in this list. | List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials |
| Canada | Acidity regulator | (b) Ice cream mix; Ice milk mix | (b) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Food Contact Materials
EU FCM Substances
EU food-contact material rows and migration-limit fields.
| Jurisdiction | FCM no. | Ref no. | Substance | Use | SML | Regulation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | 15 | 34130 | alkyl, linear with even number of carbon atoms (C12-C20) dimethylamines | additive/PPA | 30 mg/kg | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 17 | 34281 | alkyl(C8-C22)sulphuric acids, linear, primary with an even number of carbon atoms | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 21 | 42500 | carbonic acid, salts | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 41 | 56486 | glycerol, esters with acids, aliphatic, saturated, linear, with an even number of carbon atoms (C14-C18) and with acids, aliphatic, unsaturated, linear, with an even number of carbon atoms (C16-C18) | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 93 | 95858 | waxes, paraffinic, refined, derived from petroleum based or synthetic hydrocarbon feedstocks, low viscosity | additive/PPA | 0,05 mg/kg | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 94 | 95859 | waxes, refined, derived from petroleum based or synthetic hydrocarbon feedstocks, high viscosity | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 95 | 95883 | white mineral oils, paraffinic, derived from petroleum based hydrocarbon feedstocks | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 97 | 72081/10 | petroleum hydrocarbon resins (hydrogenated) | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 133 | 14380 | carbonyl chloride | monomer/macromolecule | ND mg/kg | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 177 | 16955 | ethylene carbonate | monomer/macromolecule | 30 mg/kg | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 201 | 16540 | diphenyl carbonate | monomer/macromolecule | 0,05 mg/kg | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 307 | 42160 | carbon dioxide | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 353 | 42480 | carbonic acid, rubidium salt | additive/PPA | 12 mg/kg | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 362 | 14350 | carbon monoxide | monomer/macromolecule | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 411 | 42080 | carbon black | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 592 | 34690 | aluminium magnesium carbonate hydroxide | additive/PPA | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 761 | 92930 | thiodiethanolbis(5-methoxycarbonyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate) | additive/PPA | 6 mg/kg | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 764 | 13317 | N,N′-bis[4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxydiimide | monomer/macromolecule | 0,05 mg/kg | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 1067 | - | dimethyl carbonate | monomer/macromolecule | - | Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, Annex I |
| European Union | 984 | - | activated carbon | - | - | Regulation (EC) No 450/2009, Register v1.1 |
| European Union | - | - | potassium carbonate | - | - | Regulation (EC) No 450/2009, Register v1.1 |
| European Union | - | - | sodium carbonate | - | - | Regulation (EC) No 450/2009, Register v1.1 |
| European Union | - | - | sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate | - | - | Regulation (EC) No 450/2009, Register v1.1 |
SOURCE
JECFA
JECFA ADI
JECFA ADI Values
JECFA ADI records and evaluation years.
| Jurisdiction | Chemical name | JECFA no. | CAS | ADI | ADI upper | Function | Evaluation year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JECFA | AMMONIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE | - | 1066-33-7 | NOT SPECIFIED | - | RAISING_AGENT | 1982 |
| JECFA | HYDRATED BASIC MAGNESIUM CARBONATE | - | - | no_data | - | - | 1979 |
| JECFA | MENTHOL GLYCOL CARBONATE | - | - | no_data | - | - | 1998 |
| JECFA | CALCIUM CARBONATE | - | 471-34-1 | NOT LIMITED | - | ANTICAKING_AGENT | 1965 |
| JECFA | AZODICARBONAMIDE | - | 123-77-3 | no_data | - | FLOUR_TREATMENT_AGENT | 2023 |
| JECFA | CARBON BLACK (VEGETABLE SOURCES) | - | - | no_data | - | - | 1987 |
| JECFA | CARBON DIOXIDE | - | 124-38-9 | NOT SPECIFIED | - | FOOD_ADDITIVE, EXTRACTION_SOLVENT, FREEZING_AGENT, PRESERVATIVE, PROPELLANT | 1985 |
| JECFA | BENZENECARBONAL | - | - | no_data | - | - | 2001 |
| JECFA | CARBON BLACKS | - | 1333-86-4 | DECISION POSTPONED | - | COLOUR | 1977 |
| JECFA | DECOLOURIZING CARBON | - | - | no_data | - | - | 1987 |
| JECFA | CARBONIC ACID ANHYDRIDE | - | - | no_data | - | - | 1985 |
| JECFA | ACTIVATED CARBON | - | 7440-44-0 | NOT LIMITED | - | ADSORBENT, BLEACHING_AGENT | 1987 |
| JECFA | CARBON, ACTIVATED VEGETABLE (FOOD GRADE) | - | - | no_data | - | - | 1987 |
| JECFA | DIMETHYL DICARBONATE | - | 4525-33-1 | NOT SPECIFIED | - | PRESERVATIVE | 1990 |
| JECFA | SODIUM BICARBONATE | - | - | no_data | - | - | 1965 |
| JECFA | DIMETHYL PYROCARBONATE | - | - | no_data | - | - | 1990 |
| JECFA | AMMONIUM CARBONATE | - | 10361-29-2 | NOT SPECIFIED | - | ACIDITY_REGULATOR, RAISING_AGENT | 1982 |
| JECFA | HYDROCARBON WAXES | - | - | no_data | - | - | - |
| JECFA | SODIUM CARBONATE PEROXIDE | - | - | no_data | - | - | 1989 |
| JECFA | CALCIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE | - | - | NO ADI ALLOCATED | - | ANTICAKING_AGENT, COLOUR, STABILIZER | 1985 |
| JECFA | SODIUM MONOHYDROGENDICARBONATE | - | - | no_data | - | - | 1981 |
| JECFA | MAGNESIUM SUBCARBONATE (LIGHT OR HEAVY) | - | - | no_data | - | - | 1979 |
| JECFA | AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (CARCINOGENIC) | - | - | no_data | - | CONTAMINANT | 1960 |
| JECFA | SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE | - | 144-55-8 | NOT LIMITED | - | ACIDITY_REGULATOR, LEAVENING_AGENT, RAISING_AGENT | 1965 |
| JECFA | BICARBONATE OF SODA | - | - | no_data | - | - | 1965 |
SOURCE
ATSDR
ATSDR MRL
ATSDR MRL Data
ATSDR minimal-risk-level rows by route and duration.
| Jurisdiction | Chemical | Route | Duration | MRL | Critical effect | Status | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | CARBON DISULFIDE | Inhalation | Acute | 0.2 ppm | Hepatic | Final | 2025 |
| United States | CARBON DISULFIDE | Inhalation | Chronic | 0.1 ppm | Neurol | Final | 2025 |
| United States | CARBON DISULFIDE | Oral | Acute | 0.03 mg/kg/day | Develop | Final | 2025 |
| United States | CARBON TETRACHLORIDE | Inhalation | Intermediate | 0.03 ppm | Hepatic | Final | 2005 |
| United States | CARBON TETRACHLORIDE | Inhalation | Chronic | 0.03 ppm | Hepatic | Final | 2005 |
| United States | CARBON TETRACHLORIDE | Oral | Acute | 0.02 mg/kg/day | Hepatic | Final | 2005 |
| United States | CARBON TETRACHLORIDE | Oral | Intermediate | 0.007 mg/kg/day | Hepatic | Final | 2005 |
SOURCE
ingredients
ghs classifications
Cross-Reference to Cosmetics / Chemicals / Pharma
Same-CAS public rows from adjacent Roots verticals where available.
SOURCE
Cross-vertical comparison
ingredients | ghs classifications
Cross-Vertical Regulatory Divergence
This substance has different regulatory treatment across food, cosmetics, and industrial use.
SOURCE
FAQPage JSON-LD
public food renderer rows
Frequently Asked Questions
Food-use, safety, ADI, and cross-vertical answers mirrored into FAQPage JSON-LD.
What is Carbon used for in food?
Carbon appears in food-use rows as: Food colorant; Acidity regulator; Anticaking agent; Colour; Firming agent; Flour treatment agent; Stabilizer; Anticaking agent.
Is Carbon / E153 safe?
This page does not assign a standalone safety verdict; it renders public regulatory evidence. ADI/reference value: EFSA ADI = 0.2 mg/kg bw/day. EU status evidence: PUBLISHED. US/FDA evidence: FDA has no questions.
What is the ADI for Carbon?
Carbon has this ADI/reference value in the food-safety tables: EFSA ADI = 0.2 mg/kg bw/day. Source: EFSA 2017.
Is Carbon also used in cosmetics?
Carbon has a same-CAS cosmetics cross-reference: Activated Charcoal (Charcoal Powder), EU status permitted.