NOAEL Studies Preservative

Benzyl Alcohol NOAEL Studies

INCI: BENZYL ALCOHOL

CAS: 100-51-6

Raw No Observed Adverse Effect Level endpoint records grouped by source. This page does not render calculated Margin of Safety values.

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CIR_vision_codex 36 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =800 mg/kg/ day - oral 2 weeks repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"2; 61; 24","dose":"Within 24 to 36 hours, the test substance was lethal at doses of 8,700 to 12,800 mg/kg.58 Oral Benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate.","effect":". The animals were observed for 2 weeks. No test substance-related effects were observed.61 Benzyl benzoate was rubbed onto cutaneous lesions on the shaved upper thighs of cats (number not stated). Three appli- cations per animal were made. Within 24 to 36 hours, the test substance was lethal at doses of 8,700 to 12,800 mg/kg.58 Oral Benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. According to the OECD SIDS initial assessment report on benzoates, repeated dose oral toxicity studies yielded a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed. Systemic toxic effects of a similar nature (eg, liver and kidney) were observed after dosing with benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. However, these effects were observed at higher doses of benzoic acid and its salts when compared to dosing with benzyl alcohol. Long-term studies on benzyl alco- hol yielded an NOAEL of >400...","page":9,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_001"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL >400 mg/kg body weight rat oral - repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"800; 1,000; 3","dose":"800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed.","effect":"800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed. Systemic toxic effects of a similar nature (eg, liver and kidney) were observed after dosing with benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. However, these effects were observed at higher doses of benzoic acid and its salts when compared to dosing with benzyl alcohol. Long-term studies on benzyl alco- hol yielded an NOAEL of >400 mg/kg body weight per day for rats and >200 mg/kg body weight per day for mice. At higher doses, effects on body weight and lesions in the brain, thymus, skeletal muscle, and kidneys were observed. It was noted that one should take into account that oral administration was by gavage in these studies, whereby saturation of metabolic path- ways is likely to occur. It was concluded that benzoic acid and its salts exhibited very low repeated dose toxicity and that benzyl alcohol exhibited low repeated dose toxicity. Benzyl benzoate. No effects were observed in...","page":9,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_002"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1072 mg/m3 rabbit - 11-day NOAEL study {"citation":"136; 96; 7","dose":"atmosphere concentration that was 136% of the target concentration.","effect":"atmosphere concentration that was 136% of the target concentration. For the remaining groups, all mean atmosphere concentrations were within 96.7% to 107.2% of the respective target concentrations. A concurrent control group was exposed to filtered air only. There were no test substance–related deaths and no effects on any of the following: body weight, food consumption, clin- ical pathology parameters, and organ weights. Additionally, there were no test substance–related macroscopic or micro- scopic findings. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) and NOAEL were considered to be 1072 mg/m3 for benzyl alcohol and 12.6 mg/m3 for benzoic acid. Parenteral Benzyl benzoate. Rabbits (1 or 2 animals) were injected SC once with benzyl benzoate in olive oil (doses of 1-2.5 mL/kg) or received 4 daily 0.25 mg/kg SC injections. Effects on leu- kocyte counts were monitored over an 11-day period, and the animals were also examined for mortalities and clinical signs. The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed. No effects were associated with the 0.25, 1, or 1.5 mL/kg doses.64 Re...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_003"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL >750 mg/kg rat oral 16 weeks repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"2; 5; 0","dose":"The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed.","effect":"imals were also examined for mortalities and clinical signs. The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed. No effects were associated with the 0.25, 1, or 1.5 mL/kg doses.64 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Benzoic Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzyl Alcohol According to the OECD SIDS initial assessment report on benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and its sodium and potassium salts, benzoic acid did not induce reproductive effects in a 4-generation reproductive toxicity study (NOAEL > 750 mg/kg).3 Groups of rats (20 rats/sex/group) received benzoic acid doses of 375 or 750 mg/kg/day in the diet continuously. Animals of the third generation were killed after 16 weeks. Also, test substance–related effects on reproductive organs (based on gross and microscopic examination) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_004"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1400 mg/kg/day rat oral 16 weeks repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"16; 5,600; 1,400","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"y in the diet continuously. Animals of the third generation were killed after 16 weeks. Also, test substance–related effects on reproductive organs (based on gross and microscopic examination) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was rep...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_005"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =300 mg/kg body weight rat oral subchronic repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"n) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benz...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_006"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =250 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"es (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on bi...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_007"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =175 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"ol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on biochemical aspects of preg- nant fe...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_008"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =550 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"(doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"(doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on biochemical aspects of preg- nant female albino rats and survival of their offspring was evaluated...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_009"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =800 mg/kg/ day - oral 2 weeks repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"2; 61; 24","dose":"Within 24 to 36 hours, the test substance was lethal at doses of 8,700 to 12,800 mg/kg.58 Oral Benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate.","effect":". The animals were observed for 2 weeks. No test substance-related effects were observed.61 Benzyl benzoate was rubbed onto cutaneous lesions on the shaved upper thighs of cats (number not stated). Three appli- cations per animal were made. Within 24 to 36 hours, the test substance was lethal at doses of 8,700 to 12,800 mg/kg.58 Oral Benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. According to the OECD SIDS initial assessment report on benzoates, repeated dose oral toxicity studies yielded a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed. Systemic toxic effects of a similar nature (eg, liver and kidney) were observed after dosing with benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. However, these effects were observed at higher doses of benzoic acid and its salts when compared to dosing with benzyl alcohol. Long-term studies on benzyl alco- hol yielded an NOAEL of >400...","page":9,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_001"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL >400 mg/kg body weight rat oral - repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"800; 1,000; 3","dose":"800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed.","effect":"800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed. Systemic toxic effects of a similar nature (eg, liver and kidney) were observed after dosing with benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. However, these effects were observed at higher doses of benzoic acid and its salts when compared to dosing with benzyl alcohol. Long-term studies on benzyl alco- hol yielded an NOAEL of >400 mg/kg body weight per day for rats and >200 mg/kg body weight per day for mice. At higher doses, effects on body weight and lesions in the brain, thymus, skeletal muscle, and kidneys were observed. It was noted that one should take into account that oral administration was by gavage in these studies, whereby saturation of metabolic path- ways is likely to occur. It was concluded that benzoic acid and its salts exhibited very low repeated dose toxicity and that benzyl alcohol exhibited low repeated dose toxicity. Benzyl benzoate. No effects were observed in...","page":9,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_002"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1072 mg/m3 rabbit - 11-day NOAEL study {"citation":"136; 96; 7","dose":"atmosphere concentration that was 136% of the target concentration.","effect":"atmosphere concentration that was 136% of the target concentration. For the remaining groups, all mean atmosphere concentrations were within 96.7% to 107.2% of the respective target concentrations. A concurrent control group was exposed to filtered air only. There were no test substance–related deaths and no effects on any of the following: body weight, food consumption, clin- ical pathology parameters, and organ weights. Additionally, there were no test substance–related macroscopic or micro- scopic findings. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) and NOAEL were considered to be 1072 mg/m3 for benzyl alcohol and 12.6 mg/m3 for benzoic acid. Parenteral Benzyl benzoate. Rabbits (1 or 2 animals) were injected SC once with benzyl benzoate in olive oil (doses of 1-2.5 mL/kg) or received 4 daily 0.25 mg/kg SC injections. Effects on leu- kocyte counts were monitored over an 11-day period, and the animals were also examined for mortalities and clinical signs. The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed. No effects were associated with the 0.25, 1, or 1.5 mL/kg doses.64 Re...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_003"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL >750 mg/kg rat oral 16 weeks repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"2; 5; 0","dose":"The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed.","effect":"imals were also examined for mortalities and clinical signs. The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed. No effects were associated with the 0.25, 1, or 1.5 mL/kg doses.64 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Benzoic Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzyl Alcohol According to the OECD SIDS initial assessment report on benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and its sodium and potassium salts, benzoic acid did not induce reproductive effects in a 4-generation reproductive toxicity study (NOAEL > 750 mg/kg).3 Groups of rats (20 rats/sex/group) received benzoic acid doses of 375 or 750 mg/kg/day in the diet continuously. Animals of the third generation were killed after 16 weeks. Also, test substance–related effects on reproductive organs (based on gross and microscopic examination) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_004"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1400 mg/kg/day rat oral 16 weeks repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"16; 5,600; 1,400","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"y in the diet continuously. Animals of the third generation were killed after 16 weeks. Also, test substance–related effects on reproductive organs (based on gross and microscopic examination) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was rep...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_005"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =300 mg/kg body weight rat oral subchronic repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"n) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benz...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_006"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =250 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"es (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on bi...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_007"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =175 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"ol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on biochemical aspects of preg- nant fe...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_008"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =550 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"(doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"(doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on biochemical aspects of preg- nant female albino rats and survival of their offspring was evaluated...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_009"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =800 mg/kg/ day - oral 2 weeks repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"2; 61; 24","dose":"Within 24 to 36 hours, the test substance was lethal at doses of 8,700 to 12,800 mg/kg.58 Oral Benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate.","effect":". The animals were observed for 2 weeks. No test substance-related effects were observed.61 Benzyl benzoate was rubbed onto cutaneous lesions on the shaved upper thighs of cats (number not stated). Three appli- cations per animal were made. Within 24 to 36 hours, the test substance was lethal at doses of 8,700 to 12,800 mg/kg.58 Oral Benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. According to the OECD SIDS initial assessment report on benzoates, repeated dose oral toxicity studies yielded a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed. Systemic toxic effects of a similar nature (eg, liver and kidney) were observed after dosing with benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. However, these effects were observed at higher doses of benzoic acid and its salts when compared to dosing with benzyl alcohol. Long-term studies on benzyl alco- hol yielded an NOAEL of >400...","page":9,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_001"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL >400 mg/kg body weight rat oral - repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"800; 1,000; 3","dose":"800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed.","effect":"800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed. Systemic toxic effects of a similar nature (eg, liver and kidney) were observed after dosing with benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. However, these effects were observed at higher doses of benzoic acid and its salts when compared to dosing with benzyl alcohol. Long-term studies on benzyl alco- hol yielded an NOAEL of >400 mg/kg body weight per day for rats and >200 mg/kg body weight per day for mice. At higher doses, effects on body weight and lesions in the brain, thymus, skeletal muscle, and kidneys were observed. It was noted that one should take into account that oral administration was by gavage in these studies, whereby saturation of metabolic path- ways is likely to occur. It was concluded that benzoic acid and its salts exhibited very low repeated dose toxicity and that benzyl alcohol exhibited low repeated dose toxicity. Benzyl benzoate. No effects were observed in...","page":9,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_002"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1072 mg/m3 rabbit - 11-day NOAEL study {"citation":"136; 96; 7","dose":"atmosphere concentration that was 136% of the target concentration.","effect":"atmosphere concentration that was 136% of the target concentration. For the remaining groups, all mean atmosphere concentrations were within 96.7% to 107.2% of the respective target concentrations. A concurrent control group was exposed to filtered air only. There were no test substance–related deaths and no effects on any of the following: body weight, food consumption, clin- ical pathology parameters, and organ weights. Additionally, there were no test substance–related macroscopic or micro- scopic findings. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) and NOAEL were considered to be 1072 mg/m3 for benzyl alcohol and 12.6 mg/m3 for benzoic acid. Parenteral Benzyl benzoate. Rabbits (1 or 2 animals) were injected SC once with benzyl benzoate in olive oil (doses of 1-2.5 mL/kg) or received 4 daily 0.25 mg/kg SC injections. Effects on leu- kocyte counts were monitored over an 11-day period, and the animals were also examined for mortalities and clinical signs. The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed. No effects were associated with the 0.25, 1, or 1.5 mL/kg doses.64 Re...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_003"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL >750 mg/kg rat oral 16 weeks repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"2; 5; 0","dose":"The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed.","effect":"imals were also examined for mortalities and clinical signs. The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed. No effects were associated with the 0.25, 1, or 1.5 mL/kg doses.64 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Benzoic Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzyl Alcohol According to the OECD SIDS initial assessment report on benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and its sodium and potassium salts, benzoic acid did not induce reproductive effects in a 4-generation reproductive toxicity study (NOAEL > 750 mg/kg).3 Groups of rats (20 rats/sex/group) received benzoic acid doses of 375 or 750 mg/kg/day in the diet continuously. Animals of the third generation were killed after 16 weeks. Also, test substance–related effects on reproductive organs (based on gross and microscopic examination) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_004"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1400 mg/kg/day rat oral 16 weeks repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"16; 5,600; 1,400","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"y in the diet continuously. Animals of the third generation were killed after 16 weeks. Also, test substance–related effects on reproductive organs (based on gross and microscopic examination) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was rep...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_005"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =300 mg/kg body weight rat oral subchronic repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"n) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benz...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_006"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =250 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"es (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on bi...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_007"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =175 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"ol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on biochemical aspects of preg- nant fe...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_008"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =550 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"(doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"(doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on biochemical aspects of preg- nant female albino rats and survival of their offspring was evaluated...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_009"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =800 mg/kg/ day - oral 2 weeks repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"2; 61; 24","dose":"Within 24 to 36 hours, the test substance was lethal at doses of 8,700 to 12,800 mg/kg.58 Oral Benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate.","effect":". The animals were observed for 2 weeks. No test substance-related effects were observed.61 Benzyl benzoate was rubbed onto cutaneous lesions on the shaved upper thighs of cats (number not stated). Three appli- cations per animal were made. Within 24 to 36 hours, the test substance was lethal at doses of 8,700 to 12,800 mg/kg.58 Oral Benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. According to the OECD SIDS initial assessment report on benzoates, repeated dose oral toxicity studies yielded a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed. Systemic toxic effects of a similar nature (eg, liver and kidney) were observed after dosing with benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. However, these effects were observed at higher doses of benzoic acid and its salts when compared to dosing with benzyl alcohol. Long-term studies on benzyl alco- hol yielded an NOAEL of >400...","page":9,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_001"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL >400 mg/kg body weight rat oral - repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"800; 1,000; 3","dose":"800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed.","effect":"800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed. Systemic toxic effects of a similar nature (eg, liver and kidney) were observed after dosing with benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. However, these effects were observed at higher doses of benzoic acid and its salts when compared to dosing with benzyl alcohol. Long-term studies on benzyl alco- hol yielded an NOAEL of >400 mg/kg body weight per day for rats and >200 mg/kg body weight per day for mice. At higher doses, effects on body weight and lesions in the brain, thymus, skeletal muscle, and kidneys were observed. It was noted that one should take into account that oral administration was by gavage in these studies, whereby saturation of metabolic path- ways is likely to occur. It was concluded that benzoic acid and its salts exhibited very low repeated dose toxicity and that benzyl alcohol exhibited low repeated dose toxicity. Benzyl benzoate. No effects were observed in...","page":9,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_002"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1072 mg/m3 rabbit - 11-day NOAEL study {"citation":"136; 96; 7","dose":"atmosphere concentration that was 136% of the target concentration.","effect":"atmosphere concentration that was 136% of the target concentration. For the remaining groups, all mean atmosphere concentrations were within 96.7% to 107.2% of the respective target concentrations. A concurrent control group was exposed to filtered air only. There were no test substance–related deaths and no effects on any of the following: body weight, food consumption, clin- ical pathology parameters, and organ weights. Additionally, there were no test substance–related macroscopic or micro- scopic findings. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) and NOAEL were considered to be 1072 mg/m3 for benzyl alcohol and 12.6 mg/m3 for benzoic acid. Parenteral Benzyl benzoate. Rabbits (1 or 2 animals) were injected SC once with benzyl benzoate in olive oil (doses of 1-2.5 mL/kg) or received 4 daily 0.25 mg/kg SC injections. Effects on leu- kocyte counts were monitored over an 11-day period, and the animals were also examined for mortalities and clinical signs. The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed. No effects were associated with the 0.25, 1, or 1.5 mL/kg doses.64 Re...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_003"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL >750 mg/kg rat oral 16 weeks repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"2; 5; 0","dose":"The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed.","effect":"imals were also examined for mortalities and clinical signs. The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed. No effects were associated with the 0.25, 1, or 1.5 mL/kg doses.64 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Benzoic Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzyl Alcohol According to the OECD SIDS initial assessment report on benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and its sodium and potassium salts, benzoic acid did not induce reproductive effects in a 4-generation reproductive toxicity study (NOAEL > 750 mg/kg).3 Groups of rats (20 rats/sex/group) received benzoic acid doses of 375 or 750 mg/kg/day in the diet continuously. Animals of the third generation were killed after 16 weeks. Also, test substance–related effects on reproductive organs (based on gross and microscopic examination) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_004"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1400 mg/kg/day rat oral 16 weeks repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"16; 5,600; 1,400","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"y in the diet continuously. Animals of the third generation were killed after 16 weeks. Also, test substance–related effects on reproductive organs (based on gross and microscopic examination) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was rep...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_005"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =300 mg/kg body weight rat oral subchronic repeated dose toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"n) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benz...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_006"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =250 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"es (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on bi...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_007"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =175 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"ol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on biochemical aspects of preg- nant fe...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_008"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =550 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity {"citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"(doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","effect":"(doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on biochemical aspects of preg- nant female albino rats and survival of their offspring was evaluated...","page":10,"pdf":"PRS574.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"PRS574_noael_009"}
COSMOS_DB 10 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
COSMOS_DB LOAEL 800 mg/kg bw/day rat oral 90 day Subchronic PAFA; NTP TR 343 (NIH PBL 89-2599),
COSMOS_DB LOAEL 400 mg/kg bw/day mouse oral 90 day Subchronic PAFA; NTP TR 343 (NIH PBL 89-2599),
COSMOS_DB LOAEL 200 mg/kg bw/day rat oral 2 year Chronic PAFA; NTP TR 343 (NIH PBL 89-2599),
COSMOS_DB LOAEL 100 mg/kg bw/day mouse oral 2 year Chronic PAFA; NTP TR 343 (NIH PBL 89-2599),
COSMOS_DB NOAEL 200 mg/kg bw/day mouse oral 735 day Carcinogenicity US FDA CFSAN PAFA; US FDA CFSAN PAFA Study
COSMOS_DB NOAEL 400 mg/kg bw/day rat oral 735 day Carcinogenicity US FDA CFSAN PAFA; US FDA CFSAN PAFA Study
COSMOS_DB NOAEL 750 mg/kg bw/day mouse oral NA Reproductive US FDA CFSAN PAFA; US FDA CFSAN PAFA Study
COSMOS_DB NOAEL 500 mg/kg bw/day mouse oral 16 day Short Term Toxicity US FDA CFSAN PAFA; US FDA CFSAN PAFA Study
COSMOS_DB NOAEL 1000 mg/kg bw/day rat oral 16 day Short Term Toxicity US FDA CFSAN PAFA; US FDA CFSAN PAFA Study
COSMOS_DB NOAEL 800 mg/kg bw/day rat oral 91 day Subchronic US FDA CFSAN PAFA; US FDA CFSAN PAFA Study
EFSA_OpenFoodTox_EFSA_ReferencePoints.xlsx 2 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
EFSA_OpenFoodTox_EFSA_ReferencePoints.xlsx NOAEL =400 mg/kg bw/day Rat oral: gavage 721 days chronic/long term toxicity EFSA FAF - 2019 - OutputID 3341 - no adverse effect observed at single/highest dose - Re-evaluation of benzyl alcohol (E 1519) as food additive - doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5876
EFSA_OpenFoodTox_EFSA_ReferencePoints.xlsx NOAEL =400 mg/kg bw/day Rat oral: gavage 721 days chronic/long term toxicity EFSA FAF - 2019 - OutputID 3341 - no adverse effect observed at single/highest dose - Re-evaluation of benzyl alcohol (E 1519) as food additive - doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5876
EFSA_OpenFoodTox_EFSA_ReferenceValues.xlsx 4 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
EFSA_OpenFoodTox_EFSA_ReferenceValues.xlsx ADI =4 mg/kg bw/day Consumers - - ADI EFSA FAF - 2019 - OutputID 3341 - Consumers - Re-evaluation of benzyl alcohol (E 1519) as food additive - doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5876
EFSA_OpenFoodTox_EFSA_ReferenceValues.xlsx ADI =4 mg/kg bw/day Consumers - - ADI EFSA FAF - 2019 - OutputID 3341 - Consumers - Re-evaluation of benzyl alcohol (E 1519) as food additive - doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5876
EFSA_OpenFoodTox_EFSA_ReferenceValues.xlsx ADI (group) <=5 mg/kg bw/day Consumers - - ADI (group) EFSA CONTAM - 2011 - OutputID 586 - Consumers - Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of the substances currently on the list in the Annex to Commission Directive 96/3/EC as acceptable previous cargoes for edible fats and oils - Part I of III - doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2482
EFSA_OpenFoodTox_EFSA_ReferenceValues.xlsx ADI (group) <=5 mg/kg bw/day Consumers - - ADI (group) EFSA CONTAM - 2011 - OutputID 586 - Consumers - Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of the substances currently on the list in the Annex to Commission Directive 96/3/EC as acceptable previous cargoes for edible fats and oils - Part I of III - doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2482
FDA_Toxicity_7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z 8 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
FDA_Toxicity_7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z NOEL <=750 mg/kg bw/day mouse (CD-1; male/female) oral: gavage GD 7-14 reproductive toxicity 7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z - ToxicityReproduction - Oral gavage early toxicity study in CD-1 mice_1 - 8877610c-5751-410c-bce6-4439d509dcd8/4f31b79c-280e-4e94-a5b8-a2f524bed5c1 - basis: reproductive performance: no abnormal phenotype detected
FDA_Toxicity_7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z NOEL <=800 mg/kg bw/day mouse (B6C3F1; male/female) oral: gavage 13 weeks repeated dose toxicity oral 7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z - RepeatedDoseToxicityOral - 13-week oral toxicology study in mice_4 - 765cc9fb-868a-4ef5-8009-b6b20af10184/4f31b79c-280e-4e94-a5b8-a2f524bed5c1 - basis: histopathology: non-neoplastic: no abnormal phenotype detected
FDA_Toxicity_7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z NOEL <=750 mg/kg bw/day mouse (CD-1; male/female) oral: gavage GD 7-14 reproductive toxicity 7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z - ToxicityReproduction - Oral gavage early toxicity study in CD-1 mice_1 - 8877610c-5751-410c-bce6-4439d509dcd8/4f31b79c-280e-4e94-a5b8-a2f524bed5c1 - basis: reproductive performance: no abnormal phenotype detected
FDA_Toxicity_7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z NOEL <=800 mg/kg bw/day mouse (B6C3F1; male/female) oral: gavage 13 weeks repeated dose toxicity oral 7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z - RepeatedDoseToxicityOral - 13-week oral toxicology study in mice_4 - 765cc9fb-868a-4ef5-8009-b6b20af10184/4f31b79c-280e-4e94-a5b8-a2f524bed5c1 - basis: histopathology: non-neoplastic: no abnormal phenotype detected
FDA_Toxicity_7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z NOEL <=750 mg/kg bw/day mouse (CD-1; male/female) oral: gavage GD 7-14 reproductive toxicity 7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z - ToxicityReproduction - Oral gavage early toxicity study in CD-1 mice_1 - 8877610c-5751-410c-bce6-4439d509dcd8/4f31b79c-280e-4e94-a5b8-a2f524bed5c1 - basis: reproductive performance: no abnormal phenotype detected
FDA_Toxicity_7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z NOEL <=800 mg/kg bw/day mouse (B6C3F1; male/female) oral: gavage 13 weeks repeated dose toxicity oral 7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z - RepeatedDoseToxicityOral - 13-week oral toxicology study in mice_4 - 765cc9fb-868a-4ef5-8009-b6b20af10184/4f31b79c-280e-4e94-a5b8-a2f524bed5c1 - basis: histopathology: non-neoplastic: no abnormal phenotype detected
FDA_Toxicity_7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z NOEL <=750 mg/kg bw/day mouse (CD-1; male/female) oral: gavage GD 7-14 reproductive toxicity 7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z - ToxicityReproduction - Oral gavage early toxicity study in CD-1 mice_1 - 8877610c-5751-410c-bce6-4439d509dcd8/4f31b79c-280e-4e94-a5b8-a2f524bed5c1 - basis: reproductive performance: no abnormal phenotype detected
FDA_Toxicity_7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z NOEL <=800 mg/kg bw/day mouse (B6C3F1; male/female) oral: gavage 13 weeks repeated dose toxicity oral 7fd0287c-634a-443f-b86a-aea3e74be235_dossier.i6z - RepeatedDoseToxicityOral - 13-week oral toxicology study in mice_4 - 765cc9fb-868a-4ef5-8009-b6b20af10184/4f31b79c-280e-4e94-a5b8-a2f524bed5c1 - basis: histopathology: non-neoplastic: no abnormal phenotype detected
NTP_ICE_acute_inhalation 2 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
NTP_ICE_acute_inhalation LC50 >4.178 mg/L - Inhalation Duration=4 hr In Vivo; AcuteInhalNICEATM; Rat Acute Inhalation Toxicity sheet=Data; excel_row=2767; Record_ID=acute_inhalation_620; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=AcuteInhalNICEATM; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Rat Acute Inhalation Toxicity; Endpoint=LC50; Response_Modifier=>; Response=4.178; Response_Unit=mg/L; Reference=REACH; URL=https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14748/7/3/3/?documentUUID=35b23fcc-78a5-4bdc-bed2-cbde0470c965; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_acute_inhalation LC50 >5.4 mg/L - Inhalation Duration=4 hr In Vivo; AcuteInhalNICEATM; Rat Acute Inhalation Toxicity sheet=Data; excel_row=2768; Record_ID=acute_inhalation_618; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=AcuteInhalNICEATM; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Rat Acute Inhalation Toxicity; Endpoint=LC50; Response_Modifier=>; Response=5.4; Response_Unit=mg/L; Reference=REACH; URL=https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14748/7/3/3/?documentUUID=55897471-d480-435b-8b15-da626a37c034; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_acute_oral 2 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
NTP_ICE_acute_oral LD50 >1230 mg/kg bw Rat oral acute Rat Acute Oral Toxicity record_id=acute_oral_64; row=8434; data_type=In Vivo; mixture=Chemical; chemical_name=Benzyl alcohol; preferred_name=Benzyl alcohol; dtxsid=DTXSID5020152; url_comptox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; url_cebs=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152; source_file=acute_oral.xlsx
NTP_ICE_acute_oral LD50 <3120 mg/kg bw Rat oral acute Rat Acute Oral Toxicity record_id=acute_oral_67; row=8435; data_type=In Vivo; mixture=Chemical; chemical_name=Benzyl alcohol; preferred_name=Benzyl alcohol; dtxsid=DTXSID5020152; url_comptox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; url_cebs=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152; source_file=acute_oral.xlsx
NTP_ICE_cancer 2 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
NTP_ICE_cancer Top dose 200 mg/kg bw/day Mouse Gavage - In Vivo; NTP Carcinogenicity sheet=Data; excel_row=5273; Record_ID=cancer_186; Data_Type=In Vivo; Formulation_Name=Benzyl Alcohol; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=NTP Carcinogenicity; Endpoint=Top dose; Response=200; Response_Unit=mg/kg/day; Species=Mouse; Strain=B6C3F1; Sex=Male; Route=Gavage; Reference=TR-343; URL=https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/publications/reports/tr/300s/tr343/index.html; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_cancer Top dose 400 mg/kg bw/day Rat Gavage - In Vivo; NTP Carcinogenicity sheet=Data; excel_row=5274; Record_ID=cancer_190; Data_Type=In Vivo; Formulation_Name=Benzyl Alcohol; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=NTP Carcinogenicity; Endpoint=Top dose; Response=400; Response_Unit=mg/kg/day; Species=Rat; Strain=F344/N; Sex=Female; Route=Gavage; Reference=TR-343; URL=https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/publications/reports/tr/300s/tr343/index.html; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_endocrine 1 endpoint
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
NTP_ICE_endocrine Model Score 0 unitless - - - ARPathway2016; AR Pathway Model, Antagonist sheet=Integrated_approaches; excel_row=5400; RecordID=ARPathway2016_399; DatasetName=ARPathway2016; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=AR Pathway Model, Antagonist; Endpoint=Model Score; Response=0; Response_Unit=Unitless; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_eye_irritation 6 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
NTP_ICE_eye_irritation Draize rabbit irritation score 31 unitless Rabbit Ocular - In Vivo; Draize Eye Irritation/Corrosion Test sheet=Data; excel_row=1464; Record_ID=eye_irritation_139; Data_Type=In Vivo; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Draize Eye Irritation/Corrosion Test; Endpoint=Draize rabbit irritation score; Response=31; Response_Unit=Unitless; Species=Rabbit; PMID=26472347.0; Reference=Yamaguchi et al. 2016; URL=10.1002/jat.3254; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_eye_irritation EPA Classification 1 unitless Rabbit Ocular - In Vivo; Draize Eye Irritation/Corrosion Test sheet=Data; excel_row=1458; Record_ID=eye_irritation_139; Data_Type=In Vivo; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Draize Eye Irritation/Corrosion Test; Endpoint=EPA Classification; Response=1; Response_Unit=Unitless; Species=Rabbit; PMID=26472347.0; Reference=Yamaguchi et al. 2016; URL=10.1002/jat.3254; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_eye_irritation GHS Classification 2 unitless Rabbit Ocular - In Vivo; Draize Eye Irritation/Corrosion Test sheet=Data; excel_row=1459; Record_ID=eye_irritation_139; Data_Type=In Vivo; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Draize Eye Irritation/Corrosion Test; Endpoint=GHS Classification; Response=2; Response_Unit=Unitless; Species=Rabbit; PMID=26472347.0; Reference=Yamaguchi et al. 2016; URL=10.1002/jat.3254; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_eye_irritation Intensity 0.27 %/sec - Ocular - In Vitro; Vitrigel sheet=Data; excel_row=1461; Record_ID=eye_irritation_1283; Data_Type=In Vitro; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Vitrigel; Endpoint=Intensity; Response=0.27; Response_Unit=%/sec; PMID=26472347.0; Reference=Yamaguchi et al. 2016; URL=10.1002/jat.3254; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_eye_irritation Lag time 0 s - Ocular - In Vitro; Vitrigel sheet=Data; excel_row=1462; Record_ID=eye_irritation_1283; Data_Type=In Vitro; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Vitrigel; Endpoint=Lag time; Response=0; Response_Unit=sec; PMID=26472347.0; Reference=Yamaguchi et al. 2016; URL=10.1002/jat.3254; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_eye_irritation Plateau level 49 % - Ocular - In Vitro; Vitrigel sheet=Data; excel_row=1463; Record_ID=eye_irritation_1283; Data_Type=In Vitro; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Vitrigel; Endpoint=Plateau level; Response=49; Response_Unit=%; PMID=26472347.0; Reference=Yamaguchi et al. 2016; URL=10.1002/jat.3254; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_irritation 8 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
NTP_ICE_skin_irritation Positive reaction 3.2 % Human Dermal - In Vivo; Four-hour Human Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=998; Record_ID=skin_irritation_invivo_32; Data_Type=In Vivo; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Four-hour Human Patch Test; Endpoint=Positive reaction; Response=3.2; Response_Unit=%; Species=Human; Reference=Basketter et al. 2004; 15291823; 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00385.x; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_irritation Viability 72.46 % - Dermal - In Vitro; EpiSkin Irritation sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=3446; Record_ID=skin_irritation_invitro_247; Data_Type=In Vitro; Formulation_Name=Benzyl alcohol; Concentration=99; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=EpiSkin Irritation; Endpoint=Viability; Response=72.46; Response_Unit=%; Reference=Cotovio et al. 2005; 16185103; 10.1177/026119290503300403; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_irritation Viability 79.62 % - Dermal - In Vitro; EpiSkin Irritation sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=3447; Record_ID=skin_irritation_invitro_248; Data_Type=In Vitro; Formulation_Name=Benzyl alcohol; Concentration=99; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=EpiSkin Irritation; Endpoint=Viability; Response=79.62; Response_Unit=%; Reference=Cotovio et al. 2005; 16185103; 10.1177/026119290503300403; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_irritation Viability 75.1 % - Dermal - In Vitro; EpiDerm Irritation sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=3448; Record_ID=skin_irritation_invitro_249; Data_Type=In Vitro; Formulation_Name=Benzylalcohol; Concentration=99; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=EpiDerm Irritation; Endpoint=Viability; Response=75.10; Response_Unit=%; Reference=Kandarova et al. 2005; 16185104; 10.1177/026119290503300408; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_irritation Viability 93.8 % - Dermal - In Vitro; EpiDerm Irritation sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=3449; Record_ID=skin_irritation_invitro_250; Data_Type=In Vitro; Formulation_Name=Benzylalcohol; Concentration=99; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=EpiDerm Irritation; Endpoint=Viability; Response=93.8; Response_Unit=%; Reference=Kandarova et al. 2005; 16185104; 10.1177/026119290503300408; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_irritation Viability 98.6 % - Dermal - In Vitro; EpiDerm Irritation sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=3450; Record_ID=skin_irritation_invitro_251; Data_Type=In Vitro; Formulation_Name=Benzylalcohol; Concentration=99; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=EpiDerm Irritation; Endpoint=Viability; Response=98.6; Response_Unit=%; Reference=Kandarova et al. 2005; 16185104; 10.1177/026119290503300408; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_irritation Viability (18 hours) 85.1 % - Dermal - In Vitro; Vitrolife-Skin Irritation sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=3442; Record_ID=skin_irritation_invitro_199; Data_Type=In Vitro; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Vitrolife-Skin Irritation; Endpoint=Viability (18 hours); Response=85.1; Response_Unit=%; Reference=Morikawa et al. 2008; Not available; 10.11232/AATEX.13.11; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_irritation Viability (42 hours) 98.7 % - Dermal - In Vitro; Vitrolife-Skin Irritation sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=3444; Record_ID=skin_irritation_invitro_199; Data_Type=In Vitro; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Vitrolife-Skin Irritation; Endpoint=Viability (42 hours); Response=98.7; Response_Unit=%; Reference=Morikawa et al. 2008; Not available; 10.11232/AATEX.13.11; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization 31 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization CD86, EC150 766.6 ug/mL - Dermal - In Vitro; Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; h-CLAT sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=1674; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_396; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=h-CLAT; Endpoint=CD86, EC150; Reported_Response=766.6; Reported_Response_Unit=ug/mL; Response=766.6; Response_Unit=ug/mL; Reference=Urbisch et al. 2015; 25541156; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.008; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization CV75 1000 ug/mL - Dermal - In Vitro; Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; h-CLAT sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=1642; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_396; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=h-CLAT; Endpoint=CV75; Reported_Response=1000; Reported_Response_Unit=ug/mL; Response=1000; Response_Unit=ug/mL; Reference=Urbisch et al. 2015; 25541156; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.008; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Concentration, 5% incidence of positive responses range11.2 % Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1513; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_513; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=20.0; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Concentration, 5% incidence of positive responses; Response_Modifier=range; Response=11.2 - 56; Response_Unit=%; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2002; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Concentration, 5% incidence of positive responses range13.75 % Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1531; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_514; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=7.5; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Concentration, 5% incidence of positive responses; Response_Modifier=range; Response=13.75 - 41.25; Response_Unit=%; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2004; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Api et al. 2008; 18406028; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.10.008|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Concentration, 5% incidence of positive responses range6.9 % Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1545; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_518; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=15.0; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Concentration, 5% incidence of positive responses; Response_Modifier=range; Response=6.9 - 8.6; Response_Unit=%; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2003; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Concentration, one positive response range2.5 % Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1525; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_514; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=7.5; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Concentration, one positive response; Response_Modifier=range; Response=2.5 - 7.5; Response_Unit=%; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2004; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Api et al. 2008; 18406028; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.10.008|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Depletion Cys 2.1 % - Dermal - In Vitro; Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; DPRA sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=250; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_69; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=DPRA; Endpoint=Depletion Cys; Reported_Response=2.1; Reported_Response_Unit=%; Response=2.1; Response_Unit=%; Reference=Urbisch et al. 2015; 25541156; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.008; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Depletion Lys 8 % - Dermal - In Vitro; Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; DPRA sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=223; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_69; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=DPRA; Endpoint=Depletion Lys; Reported_Response=8; Reported_Response_Unit=%; Response=8; Response_Unit=%; Reference=Urbisch et al. 2015; 25541156; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.008; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization EC1.5 >2000 uM - Dermal - In Vitro; CE_KeratinoSense2018; KeratinoSens sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=3933; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_903; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=CE_KeratinoSense2018; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=KeratinoSens; Endpoint=EC1.5; Response_Modifier=>; Reported_Response_Modifier=>; Reported_Response=2000; Reported_Response_Unit=uM; Response=2000; Response_Unit=uM; Reference=Urbisch et al. 2015; 25541156; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.008; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization EC1.5 4000 uM - Dermal - In Vitro; Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; KeratinoSens sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=3934; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_904; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=KeratinoSens; Endpoint=EC1.5; Reported_Response=4000; Reported_Response_Unit=uM; Response=4000; Response_Unit=uM; Reference=Urbisch et al. 2015; 25541156; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.008; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization EC1.5 <964.51 uM - Dermal - In Vitro; Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; LuSens sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=8019; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_1813; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=LuSens; Endpoint=EC1.5; Response_Modifier=<; Reported_Response_Modifier=<; Reported_Response=964.51; Reported_Response_Unit=uM; Response=964.51; Response_Unit=uM; Reference=Urbisch et al. 2015; 25541156; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.008; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization IC50 >2400 uM - Dermal - In Vitro; Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; LuSens sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=7645; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_1813; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=LuSens; Endpoint=IC50; Response_Modifier=>; Reported_Response_Modifier=>; Reported_Response=2400; Reported_Response_Unit=uM; Response=2400; Response_Unit=uM; Reference=Urbisch et al. 2015; 25541156; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.008; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Imax 1.23 ratio - Dermal - In Vitro; CE_KeratinoSense2018; KeratinoSens sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=3938; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_903; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=CE_KeratinoSense2018; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=KeratinoSens; Endpoint=Imax; Reported_Response=1.23; Reported_Response_Unit=Unitless; Response=1.23; Response_Unit=Ratio; Reference=Urbisch et al. 2015; 25541156; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.008; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Imax 1.232 ratio - Dermal - In Vitro; Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; KeratinoSens sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=3939; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_904; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=KeratinoSens; Endpoint=Imax; Reported_Response=1.23155; Reported_Response_Unit=Unitless; Response=1.232; Response_Unit=Ratio; Reference=Urbisch et al. 2015; 25541156; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.008; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Imax 1.929 ratio - Dermal - In Vitro; Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; LuSens sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=7547; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_1813; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=LuSens; Endpoint=Imax; Reported_Response=1.929002165; Reported_Response_Unit=Unitless; Response=1.929; Response_Unit=Ratio; Reference=Urbisch et al. 2015; 25541156; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.008; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Incidence of positive responses 0 % Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Maximization Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1508; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_511; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=10.0; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Maximization Test; Endpoint=Incidence of positive responses; Response=0; Response_Unit=%; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=Kligman 1970: report to RIFM|RIFM 1970; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Opdyke 1973; Not available; 10.1016/0015-6264(73)90228-9|Api et al. 2015; 25430073; 10.3109/15569527.2014.979425|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Incidence of positive responses range0.9 % Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1521; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_514; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=7.5; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Incidence of positive responses; Response_Modifier=range; Response=0.9 - 2.7; Response_Unit=%; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2004; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Api et al. 2008; 18406028; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.10.008|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Incidence of positive responses range8.7 % Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1538; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_518; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=15.0; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Incidence of positive responses; Response_Modifier=range; Response=8.7 - 10.9; Response_Unit=%; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2003; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Incidence of positive responses range1.8 % Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1553; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_513; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=20.0; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Incidence of positive responses; Response_Modifier=range; Response=1.8 - 8.9; Response_Unit=%; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2002; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Induction dose per skin area 6480 ug/cm2 Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Maximization Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1505; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_511; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=10.0; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Maximization Test; Endpoint=Induction dose per skin area; Response=6480; Response_Unit=ug/cm2; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=Kligman 1970: report to RIFM|RIFM 1970; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Opdyke 1973; Not available; 10.1016/0015-6264(73)90228-9|Api et al. 2015; 25430073; 10.3109/15569527.2014.979425|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Induction dose per skin area 3543 ug/cm2 Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1512; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_512; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=3.0; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Induction dose per skin area; Response=3543; Response_Unit=ug/cm2; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2004; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Induction dose per skin area 8858 ug/cm2 Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1519; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_514; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=7.5; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Induction dose per skin area; Response=8858; Response_Unit=ug/cm2; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2004; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Api et al. 2008; 18406028; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.10.008|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Induction dose per skin area 17720 ug/cm2 Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1536; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_518; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=15.0; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Induction dose per skin area; Response=17720; Response_Unit=ug/cm2; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2003; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Induction dose per skin area 23620 ug/cm2 Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1551; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_513; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=20.0; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Induction dose per skin area; Response=23620; Response_Unit=ug/cm2; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2002; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Induction dose per skin area, 5% incidence of positive responses range13228 ug/cm2 Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1515; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_513; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=20.0; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Induction dose per skin area, 5% incidence of positive responses; Response_Modifier=range; Response=13228 - 66142; Response_Unit=ug/cm2; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2002; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Induction dose per skin area, 5% incidence of positive responses range16240 ug/cm2 Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1533; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_514; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=7.5; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Induction dose per skin area, 5% incidence of positive responses; Response_Modifier=range; Response=16240 - 48719; Response_Unit=ug/cm2; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2004; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Api et al. 2008; 18406028; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.10.008|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Induction dose per skin area, 5% incidence of positive responses range8150 ug/cm2 Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1547; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_518; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=15.0; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Induction dose per skin area, 5% incidence of positive responses; Response_Modifier=range; Response=8150 - 10187; Response_Unit=ug/cm2; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2003; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Induction dose per skin area, one positive response range2953 ug/cm2 Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1527; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_514; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=7.5; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Induction dose per skin area, one positive response; Response_Modifier=range; Response=2953 - 8858; Response_Unit=ug/cm2; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2004; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Api et al. 2008; 18406028; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.10.008|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Induction dose per skin area, one positive response range4724 ug/cm2 Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1559; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_513; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=20.0; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Induction dose per skin area, one positive response; Response_Modifier=range; Response=4724 - 23622; Response_Unit=ug/cm2; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2002; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Relative reliability score 3 unitless Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Maximization Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1511; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_511; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=10.0; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Maximization Test; Endpoint=Relative reliability score; Response=3; Response_Unit=Unitless; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=Kligman 1970: report to RIFM|RIFM 1970; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Opdyke 1973; Not available; 10.1016/0015-6264(73)90228-9|Api et al. 2015; 25430073; 10.3109/15569527.2014.979425|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Relative reliability score 4 unitless Human Dermal - In Vivo; HPPT2020WIP; Human Repeat Insult Patch Test sheet=Data_invivo; excel_row=1517; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invivo_513; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=HPPT2020WIP; Concentration=20.0; Concentration_Units=%; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID5020152; Assay=Human Repeat Insult Patch Test; Endpoint=Relative reliability score; Response=4; Response_Unit=Unitless; Species=Human; Route=Dermal; Reference=RIFM 2002; https://www.rifm.org/rifm-science-database.php#gsc.tab=0|Scognamiglio et al. 2012; 22036973; 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.013|Api et al. 2015; 26364874; 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.005|Api et al. 2017; 28691948; 10.1097/der.0000000000000304|Api et al. 2019; 31568852; 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110842; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5020152; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID5020152
ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv 8 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv LEL =200 mg/kg bw/day rat (fischer; Fischer 344) oral 0 day to 13 week SUB study_id=5468; toxval_study_source_id=studyid5468_Adult_F0_F_systemic; toxval_effect_list=in life observation-body weight-body weight|in life observation-clinical signs-labored respiration|in life observation-clinical signs-unsteady gait|pathology microscopic-brain-necrosis|in life observation-clinical signs-lethargy; dose_level=3; study_year=1989; study_citation=(1989). 'NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).' Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 343: 1-158. (Subchronic rat); dsstox_substance_id=DTXSID5020152; admin_method=Gavage/Intubation; cas_source=toxval_ToxRefDB.xlsx:DTXSID; blob_url=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/688cbadae4b02565bc3f8c07/blob; blob_sha256=69dd2da06ffc6a98a1bed684c347d8b2f31e6d35d607d4f2f83ebb6845a708d5
ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv LEL =800 mg/kg bw/day rat (fischer; Fischer 344) oral 0 day to 13 week SUB study_id=5468; toxval_study_source_id=studyid5468_Adult_F0_M_systemic; toxval_effect_list=pathology microscopic-thymus-hemorrhage|in life observation-clinical signs-labored respiration|in life observation-clinical signs-unsteady gait|in life observation-clinical signs-lethargy|pathology microscopic-brain-necrosis|in life observation-clinical signs-blood around eyes and nose|pathology microscopic-thymus-atrophy|pathology microscopic-kidney-nephropathy|pathology microscopic-thymus-congestion|in life observation-body weight-body weight|in life observation-mortality-mortality|pathology microscopic-skeletal muscle-necrosis; dose_level=5; study_year=1989; study_citation=(1989). 'NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).' Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 343: 1-158. (Subchronic rat); dsstox_substance_id=DTXSID5020152; admin_method=Gavage/Intubation; cas_source=toxval_ToxRefDB.xlsx:DTXSID; blob_url=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/688cbadae4b02565bc3f8c07/blob; blob_sha256=69dd2da06ffc6a98a1bed684c347d8b2f31e6d35d607d4f2f83ebb6845a708d5
ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv LEL =400 mg/kg bw/day mouse (b6c3f1; B6C3F1) oral 0 day to 13 week SUB study_id=5469; toxval_study_source_id=studyid5469_Adult_F0_F_systemic; toxval_effect_list=in life observation-body weight-body weight|in life observation-clinical signs-unsteady gait; dose_level=4; study_year=1989; study_citation=(1989). 'NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).' Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 343: 1-158. (Subchronic mouse); dsstox_substance_id=DTXSID5020152; admin_method=Gavage/Intubation; cas_source=toxval_ToxRefDB.xlsx:DTXSID; blob_url=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/688cbadae4b02565bc3f8c07/blob; blob_sha256=69dd2da06ffc6a98a1bed684c347d8b2f31e6d35d607d4f2f83ebb6845a708d5
ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv LOAEL =400 mg/kg bw/day rat (fischer; Fischer 344) oral 0 day to 13 week SUB study_id=5468; toxval_study_source_id=studyid5468_Adult_F0_F_systemic; toxval_effect_list=in life observation-body weight-body weight; dose_level=4; study_year=1989; study_citation=(1989). 'NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).' Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 343: 1-158. (Subchronic rat); dsstox_substance_id=DTXSID5020152; admin_method=Gavage/Intubation; cas_source=toxval_ToxRefDB.xlsx:DTXSID; blob_url=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/688cbadae4b02565bc3f8c07/blob; blob_sha256=69dd2da06ffc6a98a1bed684c347d8b2f31e6d35d607d4f2f83ebb6845a708d5
ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv LOAEL =800 mg/kg bw/day mouse (b6c3f1; B6C3F1) oral 0 day to 13 week SUB study_id=5469; toxval_study_source_id=studyid5469_Adult_F0_F_systemic; toxval_effect_list=in life observation-clinical signs-unsteady gait|in life observation-body weight-body weight; dose_level=5; study_year=1989; study_citation=(1989). 'NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).' Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 343: 1-158. (Subchronic mouse); dsstox_substance_id=DTXSID5020152; admin_method=Gavage/Intubation; cas_source=toxval_ToxRefDB.xlsx:DTXSID; blob_url=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/688cbadae4b02565bc3f8c07/blob; blob_sha256=69dd2da06ffc6a98a1bed684c347d8b2f31e6d35d607d4f2f83ebb6845a708d5
ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv NEL =100 mg/kg bw/day rat (fischer; Fischer 344) oral 0 day to 13 week SUB study_id=5468; toxval_study_source_id=studyid5468_Adult_F0_F_systemic; toxval_effect_list=in life observation-clinical signs-lethargy|pathology microscopic-brain-necrosis|in life observation-clinical signs-unsteady gait|in life observation-clinical signs-labored respiration|in life observation-body weight-body weight; dose_level=2; study_year=1989; study_citation=(1989). 'NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).' Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 343: 1-158. (Subchronic rat); dsstox_substance_id=DTXSID5020152; admin_method=Gavage/Intubation; cas_source=toxval_ToxRefDB.xlsx:DTXSID; blob_url=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/688cbadae4b02565bc3f8c07/blob; blob_sha256=69dd2da06ffc6a98a1bed684c347d8b2f31e6d35d607d4f2f83ebb6845a708d5
ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv NEL =200 mg/kg bw/day mouse (b6c3f1; B6C3F1) oral 0 day to 13 week SUB study_id=5469; toxval_study_source_id=studyid5469_Adult_F0_F_systemic; toxval_effect_list=in life observation-clinical signs-unsteady gait|in life observation-body weight-body weight; dose_level=3; study_year=1989; study_citation=(1989). 'NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).' Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 343: 1-158. (Subchronic mouse); dsstox_substance_id=DTXSID5020152; admin_method=Gavage/Intubation; cas_source=toxval_ToxRefDB.xlsx:DTXSID; blob_url=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/688cbadae4b02565bc3f8c07/blob; blob_sha256=69dd2da06ffc6a98a1bed684c347d8b2f31e6d35d607d4f2f83ebb6845a708d5
ToxRefDB_ToxRefDB_v3_pod.csv NEL >0 mg/kg bw/day rat (fischer; Fischer 344) oral 0 day to 2 year CHR study_id=5470; toxval_study_source_id=studyid5470_Adult_F0_F_systemic; toxval_effect_list=pathology microscopic-lung-foreign body|in life observation-mortality-mortality|pathology microscopic-eye-atrophy|pathology microscopic-lung-hemorrhage|pathology microscopic-eye-cataract; dose_level=0; study_year=1989; study_citation=(1989). 'NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).' Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 343: 1-158. (Chronic rat); dsstox_substance_id=DTXSID5020152; admin_method=Gavage/Intubation; cas_source=toxval_ToxRefDB.xlsx:DTXSID; blob_url=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/688cbadae4b02565bc3f8c07/blob; blob_sha256=69dd2da06ffc6a98a1bed684c347d8b2f31e6d35d607d4f2f83ebb6845a708d5
ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID 5 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID LEL =100 mg/kg bw/day Rat dermal short-term; 2 weeks short-term STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/67c61df9e4b096bca8777da5; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://echa.europa.eu/; SUBSOURCE_URL=https://iuclid6.echa.europa.eu/us-fda-toxicity-data?documentUUID=4f31b79c-280e-4e94-a5b8-a2f524bed5c1; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=skin inflammation|Two week repeat dose dermal toxicology studies were conducted in rats and dogs with the lice asphyxiator drug product. Doses of 0 (untreated control), 0% (vehicle), 5% (100 mg/kg/day), 10% (200 mg/kg/day) and 15% (300 mg/kg/day) lice asphyxiator drug product were used in both studies. Lice asphyxiator drug product was applied for 6 hours/day in both studies. The lice asphyxiator drug product was applied under occlusion in the rat study. The 5% lice asphyxiator drug product caused minor dermal irritation in both rats and dogs after 2 weeks of repeat dermal exposure (6 hours/day). Both of these studies applied the lice asphyxiator drug product for 6 hours/day for two weeks. In addition, the rat study was conducted under occlusive conditions. Therefore, the conduct of both the rat and dog studies were under exaggerated use conditions compared to the proposed clinical use. The clinical use of the lice asphyxiator drug product will be to apply two ten minute applications of drug product separated by at least one week. The duration and extent of dermal exposure to the lice asphyxiator drug product under conditions of clinical use is much less than was used in the two week dermal toxicology studies conducted in rats and dogs. Negligible plasma concentrations of benzyl alcohol were detected in the low, mid and high dose groups in the 2 week dermal rat toxicology study. Samples were quantifiable in only the one hour post-dose sample in the mid and high dose groups. The mean one hour plasma concentrations (ug/ml) of benzyl alcohol in rats following daily application of the lice asphyxiator drug product are provided in the following table. A dose dependent increase in the mean one hour plasma concentrations was noted for the mid and high dose groups. In addition, concentrations increased 1.6 to 3.8 fold after multiple dosing. No apparent gender effect on the mean one hour plasma concentrations was noted in this study. The highest benzyl alcohol exposure was observed in high dose male rats on day 14 with a mean one hour plasma concentration of 3.59 ug/ml. A dose dependent increase in the mean one hour plasma concentrations was noted for male animals, but not female animals, on day 14. The mean one hour benzyl alcohol plasma concentrations increased between 3-12 fold following 14 days of dosing. No apparent gender effect on the mean one hour plasma concentrations was noted in the low and mid dose groups. An apparent gender effect on the mean one hour plasma concentrations was noted in the high dose group. This may be more of a factor related to an unusually low value in high dose females on days 1 and 14. The highest benzyl alcohol exposure was observed in high dose male dogs on day 14 with a mean one hour plasma concentration of 10.2 ug/ml.; STUDY_GROUP=ECHA IUCLID:15826369:M/F:--; QC_CATEGORY=Programmatically extracted from structured data source; Source overall passed QC, but this record was not manually checked; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_4a477d8135fb04660f0f64208322cc47
ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID LEL >=200 mg/kg bw/day Mouse oral subchronic; 13 weeks subchronic STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/669eaca9e4b0a7c65d1c023d; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://echa.europa.eu/; SUBSOURCE_URL=https://iuclid6.echa.europa.eu/us-fda-toxicity-data?documentUUID=4f31b79c-280e-4e94-a5b8-a2f524bed5c1; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=body weight and weight gain: decreased susceptibility to weight gain; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT_CATEGORY=body weight; STUDY_GROUP=ECHA IUCLID:15837452:F:--; QC_CATEGORY=Programmatically extracted from structured data source; Source overall passed QC, and this record was expert reviewed; QC_STATUS=pass; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_054c991a709adc2f076f17d39d7852a7
ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID LEL >=400 mg/kg bw/day Mouse oral subchronic; 13 weeks subchronic STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/669eaca9e4b0a7c65d1c023d; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://echa.europa.eu/; SUBSOURCE_URL=https://iuclid6.echa.europa.eu/us-fda-toxicity-data?documentUUID=4f31b79c-280e-4e94-a5b8-a2f524bed5c1; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=body weight and weight gain: decreased susceptibility to weight gain; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT_CATEGORY=body weight; STUDY_GROUP=ECHA IUCLID:15837453:M:--; QC_CATEGORY=Programmatically extracted from structured data source; Source overall passed QC, and this record was expert reviewed; QC_STATUS=pass; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_5e29522071d056dd7d856a7ec2f2a16b
ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID LEL =800 mg/kg bw/day Rat oral subchronic; 13 weeks subchronic STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/669eaca9e4b0a7c65d1c023f; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://echa.europa.eu/; SUBSOURCE_URL=https://iuclid6.echa.europa.eu/us-fda-toxicity-data?documentUUID=4f31b79c-280e-4e94-a5b8-a2f524bed5c1; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=clinical signs: lethargy|clinical signs: respiratory distress|clinical signs: staggering gait; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT_CATEGORY=clinical signs; STUDY_GROUP=ECHA IUCLID:15846070:M/F:--; QC_CATEGORY=Programmatically extracted from structured data source; Source overall passed QC, and this record was expert reviewed; QC_STATUS=pass; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_8acb5432c0a4ce712fc3ec9f0beea828
ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID LOAEL <=800 mg/kg bw/day Mouse oral subchronic; 13 weeks subchronic STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/669eaca9e4b0a7c65d1c023d; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://echa.europa.eu/; SUBSOURCE_URL=https://iuclid6.echa.europa.eu/us-fda-toxicity-data?documentUUID=4f31b79c-280e-4e94-a5b8-a2f524bed5c1; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=histopathology: non-neoplastic: no abnormal phenotype detected; STUDY_GROUP=ECHA IUCLID:15837451:M/F:--; QC_CATEGORY=Programmatically extracted from structured data source; Source overall passed QC, and this record was expert reviewed; QC_STATUS=pass; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_d00615ec37b669a96577601892276d4f
ToxValDB_ECOTOX 5 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
ToxValDB_ECOTOX LOEL =300 mg/kg bw/day Rat oral short-term; 2 days short-term LONG_REF=Mutat. Res.320(3): 189-205 Uno,Y., H. Takasawa, M. Miyagawa, Y. Inoue, T. Murata, and K. Yoshikawa An In Vivo-In Vitro Replicative DNA Synthesis (RDS) Test Using Rat Hepatocytes as an Early Prediction Assay for Nongenotoxic Hepatocarcinogens Screening of 22 Known Positive and 25 Noncarcinogens 1994; TITLE=An In Vivo-In Vitro Replicative DNA Synthesis (RDS) Test Using Rat Hepatocytes as an Early Prediction Assay for Nongenotoxic Hepatocarcinogens Screening of 22 Known Positive and 25 Noncarcinogens; AUTHOR=Uno,Y., H. Takasawa, M. Miyagawa, Y. Inoue, T. Murata, and K. Yoshikawa; DOI=10.1016/0165-1218(94)90046-9; QUALITY=Control type: Concurrent control; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID=75058; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID_DESC=ECOTOX Reference Number; STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/6759bce8e4b0a7c65d37bc5f; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/; YEAR=1994; ORIGINAL_YEAR=1994; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=Cell(s): Viability; STUDY_GROUP=ECOTOX:15595776:M:--; QC_CATEGORY=Data source QC'd by data provider prior to ECOTOX import; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=62393a8660e02810c35e7cafff27a079
ToxValDB_ECOTOX LOEL =600 mg/kg bw/day Rat oral acute; 1 days acute LONG_REF=Mutat. Res.320(3): 189-205 Uno,Y., H. Takasawa, M. Miyagawa, Y. Inoue, T. Murata, and K. Yoshikawa An In Vivo-In Vitro Replicative DNA Synthesis (RDS) Test Using Rat Hepatocytes as an Early Prediction Assay for Nongenotoxic Hepatocarcinogens Screening of 22 Known Positive and 25 Noncarcinogens 1994; TITLE=An In Vivo-In Vitro Replicative DNA Synthesis (RDS) Test Using Rat Hepatocytes as an Early Prediction Assay for Nongenotoxic Hepatocarcinogens Screening of 22 Known Positive and 25 Noncarcinogens; AUTHOR=Uno,Y., H. Takasawa, M. Miyagawa, Y. Inoue, T. Murata, and K. Yoshikawa; DOI=10.1016/0165-1218(94)90046-9; QUALITY=Control type: Concurrent control; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID=75058; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID_DESC=ECOTOX Reference Number; STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/6759bce8e4b0a7c65d37bc5f; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/; YEAR=1994; ORIGINAL_YEAR=1994; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=Cell(s): Viability; STUDY_GROUP=ECOTOX_dup_EPA ORD_15598994_15598995:M:--; QC_CATEGORY=Data source QC'd by data provider prior to ECOTOX import; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=e864a2984683381032d686cb6cef911f
ToxValDB_ECOTOX NOEL =25 mg/kg bw/day Mouse injection short-term; 19 days short-term LONG_REF=Food Chem. Toxicol.41(3): 439-446 Larsen,S.T., R.M. Lund, P. Thygesen, O.M. Poulsen, and G.D. Nielsen Investigation of the Adjuvant and Immuno-Suppressive Effects of Benzyl Butyl Phthalate, Phthalic Acid and Benzyl Alcohol in a Murine Injection Model 2003; TITLE=Investigation of the Adjuvant and Immuno-Suppressive Effects of Benzyl Butyl Phthalate, Phthalic Acid and Benzyl Alcohol in a Murine Injection Model; AUTHOR=Larsen,S.T., R.M. Lund, P. Thygesen, O.M. Poulsen, and G.D. Nielsen; DOI=10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00248-x; QUALITY=Control type: Carrier or solvent control; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID=91884; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID_DESC=ECOTOX Reference Number; STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/6759bce8e4b0a7c65d37bc5f; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/; YEAR=2003; ORIGINAL_YEAR=2003; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=Immunological: immunoglobulin E; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT_CATEGORY=other; STUDY_GROUP=ECOTOX_dup_EPA ORD_15594413_15602332:F:--; QC_CATEGORY=Data source QC'd by data provider prior to ECOTOX import; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=9975bf8031dbbb7dee5d82ddc9bf9983
ToxValDB_ECOTOX NOEL =800 mg/kg bw/day Mouse oral short-term; 2 days short-term LONG_REF=Mutat. Res.343(2/3): 157-183 Miyagawa,M., H. Takasawa, A. Sugiyama, Y. Inoue, T. Murata, Y. Uno, and K. Yoshikawa The In Vivo-In Vitro Replicative DNA Synthesis (RDS) Test with Hepatocytes Prepared from Male B6C3F1 Mice as an Early Prediction Assay for Putative Nongenotoxic (Ames-Negative) Mouse Hepatocarcinogens 1995; TITLE=The In Vivo-In Vitro Replicative DNA Synthesis (RDS) Test with Hepatocytes Prepared from Male B6C3F1 Mice as an Early Prediction Assay for Putative Nongenotoxic (Ames-Negative) Mouse Hepatocarcinogens; AUTHOR=Miyagawa,M., H. Takasawa, A. Sugiyama, Y. Inoue, T. Murata, Y. Uno, and K. Yoshikawa; DOI=10.1016/0165-1218(95)90082-9; QUALITY=Control type: Carrier or solvent control; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID=75052; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID_DESC=ECOTOX Reference Number; STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/6759bce8e4b0a7c65d37bc5f; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/; YEAR=1995; ORIGINAL_YEAR=1995; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=Cell(s): Viability; STUDY_GROUP=ECOTOX:15595608:M:--; QC_CATEGORY=Data source QC'd by data provider prior to ECOTOX import; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=1c7e6213dcb69485cd53cc57e88ce608
ToxValDB_ECOTOX NOEL =300 mg/kg bw/day Rat oral acute; 1 days acute LONG_REF=Mutat. Res.320(3): 189-205 Uno,Y., H. Takasawa, M. Miyagawa, Y. Inoue, T. Murata, and K. Yoshikawa An In Vivo-In Vitro Replicative DNA Synthesis (RDS) Test Using Rat Hepatocytes as an Early Prediction Assay for Nongenotoxic Hepatocarcinogens Screening of 22 Known Positive and 25 Noncarcinogens 1994; TITLE=An In Vivo-In Vitro Replicative DNA Synthesis (RDS) Test Using Rat Hepatocytes as an Early Prediction Assay for Nongenotoxic Hepatocarcinogens Screening of 22 Known Positive and 25 Noncarcinogens; AUTHOR=Uno,Y., H. Takasawa, M. Miyagawa, Y. Inoue, T. Murata, and K. Yoshikawa; DOI=10.1016/0165-1218(94)90046-9; QUALITY=Control type: Concurrent control; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID=75058; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID_DESC=ECOTOX Reference Number; STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/6759bce8e4b0a7c65d37bc5f; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/; YEAR=1994; ORIGINAL_YEAR=1994; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=Cell(s): Viability; STUDY_GROUP=ECOTOX_dup_EPA ORD_15598994_15598995:M:--; QC_CATEGORY=Data source QC'd by data provider prior to ECOTOX import; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=773767f0454de9a1b751eb693d6f6733
ToxValDB_EFSA 1 endpoint
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
ToxValDB_EFSA NOAEL =400 mg/kg bw/day Rat oral chronic; 103 weeks chronic LONG_REF=EFSA FAF (2019). Re-evaluation of benzyl alcohol (E 1519) as food additive. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5876.; TITLE=Re-evaluation of benzyl alcohol (E 1519) as food additive; AUTHOR=EFSA FAF; DOI=doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5876; STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/65201d30e4b0f0a60ddd1165; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://zenodo.org/record/5076033#.Y9fEoXbMI2z; YEAR=2019; ORIGINAL_YEAR=2019; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=no effects; STUDY_GROUP=EFSA:15614452:M/F:--; QC_CATEGORY=Programmatically extracted from structured data source; Source overall passed QC, but this record was not manually checked; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_c311ae8f5463f946c3a7950709e85119
ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL 2 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL DNEL systemic =22 mg/m3 Human inhalation - Toxicity Value STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/6543dd69e4b045b9ff7cd87e; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-dnel-liste/index-2.jsp; STUDY_GROUP=GESTIS DNEL_dup_-_15630054_15630055:-:--; QC_CATEGORY=Programmatically extracted from structured data source; Source overall passed QC, but this record was not manually checked; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_32c762f727de6b177193f5e015fd6a47
ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL DNEL systemic =25.8 mg/m3 Human inhalation - Toxicity Value STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/6543dd69e4b045b9ff7cd87e; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-dnel-liste/index-2.jsp; STUDY_GROUP=GESTIS DNEL_dup_-_15630054_15630055:-:--; QC_CATEGORY=Programmatically extracted from structured data source; Source overall passed QC, but this record was not manually checked; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_997b6c4431d4331d45e7224f841af73d
ToxValDB_PPRTV_(CPHEA) 3 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
ToxValDB_PPRTV_(CPHEA) NOAEL (ADJ) =143 mg/kg bw/day Mouse oral chronic; 2 years chronic LONG_REF=NTP 1989a; AUTHOR=NTP; STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/640754bee4b08a6b3934b361; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://www.epa.gov/pprtv/basic-information-about-provisional-peer-reviewed-toxicity-values-pprtvs; SUBSOURCE_URL=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/pprtv/chemicalLanding.cfm?pprtv_sub_id=1593; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=survival, growth, and tissue histopathology; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT_CATEGORY=multiple; STUDY_GROUP=PPRTV (CPHEA):15654034:M/F:--; QC_CATEGORY=Manually extracted from unstructured data source; Source overall passed QC, and this record was manually checked; QC_STATUS=pass; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_c9a9d6e708400fadafba491fe3b98ef1
ToxValDB_PPRTV_(CPHEA) NOAEL (ADJ) =286 mg/kg bw/day Mouse oral subchronic; 13 weeks subchronic LONG_REF=NTP 1989a; AUTHOR=NTP; STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/640754bee4b08a6b3934b361; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://www.epa.gov/pprtv/basic-information-about-provisional-peer-reviewed-toxicity-values-pprtvs; SUBSOURCE_URL=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/pprtv/chemicalLanding.cfm?pprtv_sub_id=1593; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=clinical signs of neurotoxicity, such as staggering, labored breathing, and lethargy; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT_CATEGORY=clinical signs; STUDY_GROUP=PPRTV (CPHEA):15654080:M/F:--; QC_CATEGORY=Manually extracted from unstructured data source; Source overall passed QC, and this record was manually checked; QC_STATUS=pass; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_3a60e5c34c9aa50e0f50e2939f76a034
ToxValDB_PPRTV_(CPHEA) RfD (provisional) =0.3 mg/kg bw/day Human oral - Toxicity Value LONG_REF=NTP 1989a; AUTHOR=NTP; STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/640754bee4b08a6b3934b361; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://www.epa.gov/pprtv/basic-information-about-provisional-peer-reviewed-toxicity-values-pprtvs; SUBSOURCE_URL=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/pprtv/chemicalLanding.cfm?pprtv_sub_id=1593; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=Clinical signs of neurotoxicity, such as staggering, labored breathing, and lethargy. in male/female mice; STUDY_GROUP=PPRTV (CPHEA)_dup_PPRTV Summary_15653622_15653686:-:--; QC_CATEGORY=Manually extracted from unstructured data source; Source overall passed QC, and this record was manually checked; QC_STATUS=pass; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_f1a3ef9dd864d4f3822e93f800b59b87
ToxValDB_Pennsylvania_DEP_ToxValues 1 endpoint
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
ToxValDB_Pennsylvania_DEP_ToxValues RfD =0.1 mg/kg bw/day Human oral - Toxicity Value STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/67599fbae4b0a7c65d37b2e3; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://files.dep.state.pa.us/EnvironmentalCleanupBrownfields/LandRecyclingProgram/LandRecyclingProgramPortalFiles/GuidanceTechTools/VaporIntrusion/November_2021/Table%205a.pdf; STUDY_GROUP=Pennsylvania DEP ToxValues:15649838:-:--; QC_CATEGORY=Programmatically extracted from structured data source; Source overall passed QC, but this record was not manually checked; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_a34819788c9dbd89c7b067f06ee49207
ToxValDB_ToxRefDB 3 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
ToxValDB_ToxRefDB LEL =200 mg/kg bw/day Rat oral chronic; 2 years chronic LONG_REF=(1989). \'NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).\' Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 343: 1-158. (Chronic rat); TITLE=NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies); AUTHOR=NTP; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID=5470; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID_DESC=ToxRefDB Study ID; STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/66bca4a3e4b0a7c65d2a792a; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://github.com/USEPA/CompTox-ToxRefDB; YEAR=1989; ORIGINAL_YEAR=1989; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=systemic: in life observation-mortality-mortality|systemic: pathology microscopic-lung-foreign body|systemic: pathology microscopic-lung-hemorrhage|systemic: pathology microscopic-eye-cataract|systemic: pathology microscopic-eye-atrophy; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT_CATEGORY=mortality/survival|nonneoplastic histopathology; STUDY_GROUP=ToxRefDB:15709329:F:F0adult; QC_CATEGORY=Data source QC'd by data provider prior to ToxRefDB import; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_b715f26fd1b010ad001ad1ba6674c40a
ToxValDB_ToxRefDB LOAEL =400 mg/kg bw/day Rat oral subchronic; 13 weeks subchronic LONG_REF=(1989). \'NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).\' Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 343: 1-158. (Subchronic rat); TITLE=NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies); AUTHOR=NTP; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID=5468; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID_DESC=ToxRefDB Study ID; STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/66bca4a3e4b0a7c65d2a792a; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://github.com/USEPA/CompTox-ToxRefDB; YEAR=1989; ORIGINAL_YEAR=1989; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=systemic: in life observation-body weight-body weight; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT_CATEGORY=body weight; STUDY_GROUP=ToxRefDB_dup_-_15709315_15709316_15709317_15709318:F:F0adult; QC_CATEGORY=Data source QC'd by data provider prior to ToxRefDB import; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_103ba189ed3212bb58bdc79f9050ab5e
ToxValDB_ToxRefDB NEL =100 mg/kg bw/day Rat oral subchronic; 13 weeks subchronic LONG_REF=(1989). \'NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).\' Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 343: 1-158. (Subchronic rat); TITLE=NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies); AUTHOR=NTP; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID=5468; EXTERNAL_SOURCE_ID_DESC=ToxRefDB Study ID; STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/66bca4a3e4b0a7c65d2a792a; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://github.com/USEPA/CompTox-ToxRefDB; YEAR=1989; ORIGINAL_YEAR=1989; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT=systemic: pathology microscopic-brain-necrosis|systemic: in life observation-clinical signs-lethargy|systemic: in life observation-clinical signs-labored respiration|systemic: in life observation-clinical signs-unsteady gait|systemic: in life observation-body weight-body weight; TOXICOLOGICAL_EFFECT_CATEGORY=body weight|clinical signs|nonneoplastic histopathology; STUDY_GROUP=ToxRefDB_dup_-_15709315_15709316_15709317_15709318:F:F0adult; QC_CATEGORY=Data source QC'd by data provider prior to ToxRefDB import; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_a04c4f6c9327f6cedf39df8b264f2ed9
UnifiedCodex:CIR:beta.noael_studies 9 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
UnifiedCodex:CIR:beta.noael_studies - 1072 mg/m3 rabbit - 11-day - SOURCE_SUBDIR=PRS574; REPORT_TITLE=Safety Assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,; OPINION_NUMBER=PRS574; COMMITTEE=Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel; REPORT_DATE=1 In 2001; VALUE_TEXT=1072; DOSE=atmosphere concentration that was 136% of the target concentration.; EFFECT=atmosphere concentration that was 136% of the target concentration. For the remaining groups, all mean atmosphere concentrations were within 96.7% to 107.2% of the respective target concentrations. A concurrent control group was exposed to filtered air only. There were no test substance–related deaths and no effects on any of the following: body weight, food consumption, clin- ical pathology parameters, and organ weights. Additionally, there were no test substance–related macroscopic or micro- scopic findings. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) and NOAEL were considered to be 1072 mg/m3 for benzyl alcohol and 12.6 mg/m3 for benzoic acid. Parenteral Benzyl benzoate. Rabbits (1 or 2 animals) were injected SC once with benzyl benzoate in olive oil (doses of 1-2.5 mL/kg) or received 4 daily 0.25 mg/kg SC injections. Effects on leu- kocyte counts were monitored over an 11-day period, and the animals were also examined for mortalities and clinical signs. The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed. No effects were associated with the 0.25, 1, or 1.5 mL/kg doses.64 Re...; CITATION=136; 96; 7; CITATION_NUMBERS=[136,96,7]; REFERENCE=136; 96; 7; DETAILS_JSON={"cas_number":"100-51-6","citation":"136; 96; 7","dose":"atmosphere concentration that was 136% of the target concentration.","duration":"11-day","effect":"atmosphere concentration that was 136% of the target concentration. For the remaining groups, all mean atmosphere concentrations were within 96.7% to 107.2% of the respective target concentrations. A concurrent control group was exposed to filtered air only. There were no test substance–related deaths and no effects on any of the following: body weight, food consumption, clin- ical pathology parameters, and organ weights. Additionally, there were no test substance–related macroscopic or micro- scopic findings. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) and NOAEL were considered to be 1072 mg/m3 for benzyl alcohol and 12.6 mg/m3 for benzoic acid. Parenteral Benzyl benzoate. Rabbits (1 or 2 animals) were injected SC once with benzyl benzoate in olive oil (doses of 1-2.5 mL/kg) or received 4 daily 0.25 mg/kg SC injections. Effects on leu- kocyte counts were monitored over an 11-day period, and the animals were also examined for mortalities and clinical signs. The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed. No effects were associated with the 0.25, 1, or 1.5 mL/kg doses.64 Re...","endpoint":"","ingredient":"Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,","loael_value":"","noael_unit":"mg/m3","noael_value":"1072","page":10,"route":"","species":"rabbit","study_id":"PRS574_noael_003"}
UnifiedCodex:CIR:beta.noael_studies developmental toxicity 250 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity SOURCE_SUBDIR=PRS574; REPORT_TITLE=Safety Assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,; OPINION_NUMBER=PRS574; COMMITTEE=Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel; REPORT_DATE=1 In 2001; VALUE_TEXT=250; DOSE=In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;; LOAEL_VALUE=750 mg/kg/day; EFFECT=es (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses 2,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on bi...; CITATION=5,600; 1,400; 2,800; CITATION_NUMBERS=[5,600,1,400,2,800]; REFERENCE=5,600; 1,400; 2,800; DETAILS_JSON={"cas_number":"100-51-6","citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","duration":"","effect":"es (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on bi...","endpoint":"developmental toxicity","ingredient":"Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,","loael_value":"750 mg/kg/day","noael_unit":"mg/kg","noael_value":"250","page":10,"route":"oral","species":"rat","study_id":"PRS574_noael_007"}
UnifiedCodex:CIR:beta.noael_studies developmental toxicity 175 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity SOURCE_SUBDIR=PRS574; REPORT_TITLE=Safety Assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,; OPINION_NUMBER=PRS574; COMMITTEE=Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel; REPORT_DATE=1 In 2001; VALUE_TEXT=175; DOSE=In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;; LOAEL_VALUE=750 mg/kg/day; EFFECT=ol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses 2,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on biochemical aspects of preg- nant fe...; CITATION=5,600; 1,400; 2,800; CITATION_NUMBERS=[5,600,1,400,2,800]; REFERENCE=5,600; 1,400; 2,800; DETAILS_JSON={"cas_number":"100-51-6","citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","duration":"","effect":"ol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on biochemical aspects of preg- nant fe...","endpoint":"developmental toxicity","ingredient":"Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,","loael_value":"750 mg/kg/day","noael_unit":"mg/kg","noael_value":"175","page":10,"route":"oral","species":"rat","study_id":"PRS574_noael_008"}
UnifiedCodex:CIR:beta.noael_studies developmental toxicity 550 mg/kg rat oral - developmental toxicity SOURCE_SUBDIR=PRS574; REPORT_TITLE=Safety Assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,; OPINION_NUMBER=PRS574; COMMITTEE=Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel; REPORT_DATE=1 In 2001; VALUE_TEXT=550; DOSE=(doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;; LOAEL_VALUE=750 mg/kg/day; EFFECT=(doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses 2,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on biochemical aspects of preg- nant female albino rats and survival of their offspring was evaluated...; CITATION=5,600; 1,400; 2,800; CITATION_NUMBERS=[5,600,1,400,2,800]; REFERENCE=5,600; 1,400; 2,800; DETAILS_JSON={"cas_number":"100-51-6","citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"(doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","duration":"","effect":"(doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benzoate The effect of sodium benzoate on biochemical aspects of preg- nant female albino rats and survival of their offspring was evaluated...","endpoint":"developmental toxicity","ingredient":"Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,","loael_value":"750 mg/kg/day","noael_unit":"mg/kg","noael_value":"550","page":10,"route":"oral","species":"rat","study_id":"PRS574_noael_009"}
UnifiedCodex:CIR:beta.noael_studies repeated dose toxicity 800 mg/kg/ day - oral 2 weeks repeated dose toxicity SOURCE_SUBDIR=PRS574; REPORT_TITLE=Safety Assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,; OPINION_NUMBER=PRS574; COMMITTEE=Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel; REPORT_DATE=1 In 2001; VALUE_TEXT=800; DOSE=Within 24 to 36 hours, the test substance was lethal at doses of 8,700 to 12,800 mg/kg.58 Oral Benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate.; EFFECT=. The animals were observed for 2 weeks. No test substance-related effects were observed.61 Benzyl benzoate was rubbed onto cutaneous lesions on the shaved upper thighs of cats (number not stated). Three appli- cations per animal were made. Within 24 to 36 hours, the test substance was lethal at doses of 8,700 to 12,800 mg/kg.58 Oral Benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. According to the OECD SIDS initial assessment report on benzoates, repeated dose oral toxicity studies yielded a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed. Systemic toxic effects of a similar nature (eg, liver and kidney) were observed after dosing with benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. However, these effects were observed at higher doses of benzoic acid and its salts when compared to dosing with benzyl alcohol. Long-term studies on benzyl alco- hol yielded an NOAEL of >400...; CITATION=2; 61; 24; CITATION_NUMBERS=[2,61,24]; REFERENCE=2; 61; 24; DETAILS_JSON={"cas_number":"100-51-6","citation":"2; 61; 24","dose":"Within 24 to 36 hours, the test substance was lethal at doses of 8,700 to 12,800 mg/kg.58 Oral Benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate.","duration":"2 weeks","effect":". The animals were observed for 2 weeks. No test substance-related effects were observed.61 Benzyl benzoate was rubbed onto cutaneous lesions on the shaved upper thighs of cats (number not stated). Three appli- cations per animal were made. Within 24 to 36 hours, the test substance was lethal at doses of 8,700 to 12,800 mg/kg.58 Oral Benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. According to the OECD SIDS initial assessment report on benzoates, repeated dose oral toxicity studies yielded a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed. Systemic toxic effects of a similar nature (eg, liver and kidney) were observed after dosing with benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. However, these effects were observed at higher doses of benzoic acid and its salts when compared to dosing with benzyl alcohol. Long-term studies on benzyl alco- hol yielded an NOAEL of >400...","endpoint":"repeated dose toxicity","ingredient":"Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,","loael_value":"","noael_unit":"mg/kg/ day","noael_value":"800","page":9,"route":"oral","species":"","study_id":"PRS574_noael_001"}
UnifiedCodex:CIR:beta.noael_studies repeated dose toxicity >400 mg/kg body weight rat oral - repeated dose toxicity SOURCE_SUBDIR=PRS574; REPORT_TITLE=Safety Assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,; OPINION_NUMBER=PRS574; COMMITTEE=Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel; REPORT_DATE=1 In 2001; VALUE_TEXT=> 400; DOSE=800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed.; EFFECT=800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed. Systemic toxic effects of a similar nature (eg, liver and kidney) were observed after dosing with benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. However, these effects were observed at higher doses of benzoic acid and its salts when compared to dosing with benzyl alcohol. Long-term studies on benzyl alco- hol yielded an NOAEL of >400 mg/kg body weight per day for rats and >200 mg/kg body weight per day for mice. At higher doses, effects on body weight and lesions in the brain, thymus, skeletal muscle, and kidneys were observed. It was noted that one should take into account that oral administration was by gavage in these studies, whereby saturation of metabolic path- ways is likely to occur. It was concluded that benzoic acid and its salts exhibited very low repeated dose toxicity and that benzyl alcohol exhibited low repeated dose toxicity. Benzyl benzoate. No effects were observed in...; CITATION=800; 1,000; 3; CITATION_NUMBERS=[800,1,3]; REFERENCE=800; 1,000; 3; DETAILS_JSON={"cas_number":"100-51-6","citation":"800; 1,000; 3","dose":"800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed.","duration":"","effect":"800 mg/kg/ day for benzoic acid and >1,000 mg/kg/day for the salts.3 At higher doses, increased mortality, decreased weight gain, and liver and kidney effects were observed. Systemic toxic effects of a similar nature (eg, liver and kidney) were observed after dosing with benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium benzoate. However, these effects were observed at higher doses of benzoic acid and its salts when compared to dosing with benzyl alcohol. Long-term studies on benzyl alco- hol yielded an NOAEL of >400 mg/kg body weight per day for rats and >200 mg/kg body weight per day for mice. At higher doses, effects on body weight and lesions in the brain, thymus, skeletal muscle, and kidneys were observed. It was noted that one should take into account that oral administration was by gavage in these studies, whereby saturation of metabolic path- ways is likely to occur. It was concluded that benzoic acid and its salts exhibited very low repeated dose toxicity and that benzyl alcohol exhibited low repeated dose toxicity. Benzyl benzoate. No effects were observed in...","endpoint":"repeated dose toxicity","ingredient":"Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,","loael_value":"","noael_unit":"mg/kg body weight","noael_value":"> 400","page":9,"route":"oral","species":"rat","study_id":"PRS574_noael_002"}
UnifiedCodex:CIR:beta.noael_studies repeated dose toxicity >750 mg/kg rat oral 16 weeks repeated dose toxicity SOURCE_SUBDIR=PRS574; REPORT_TITLE=Safety Assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,; OPINION_NUMBER=PRS574; COMMITTEE=Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel; REPORT_DATE=1 In 2001; VALUE_TEXT=> 750; DOSE=The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed.; EFFECT=imals were also examined for mortalities and clinical signs. The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed. No effects were associated with the 0.25, 1, or 1.5 mL/kg doses.64 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Benzoic Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzyl Alcohol According to the OECD SIDS initial assessment report on benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and its sodium and potassium salts, benzoic acid did not induce reproductive effects in a 4-generation reproductive toxicity study (NOAEL > 750 mg/kg).3 Groups of rats (20 rats/sex/group) received benzoic acid doses of 375 or 750 mg/kg/day in the diet continuously. Animals of the third generation were killed after 16 weeks. Also, test substance–related effects on reproductive organs (based on gross and microscopic examination) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity...; CITATION=2; 5; 0; CITATION_NUMBERS=[2,5]; REFERENCE=2; 5; 0; DETAILS_JSON={"cas_number":"100-51-6","citation":"2; 5; 0","dose":"The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed.","duration":"16 weeks","effect":"imals were also examined for mortalities and clinical signs. The 2.5 mL/kg dose was lethal and clinical signs were observed. No effects were associated with the 0.25, 1, or 1.5 mL/kg doses.64 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Benzoic Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzyl Alcohol According to the OECD SIDS initial assessment report on benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and its sodium and potassium salts, benzoic acid did not induce reproductive effects in a 4-generation reproductive toxicity study (NOAEL > 750 mg/kg).3 Groups of rats (20 rats/sex/group) received benzoic acid doses of 375 or 750 mg/kg/day in the diet continuously. Animals of the third generation were killed after 16 weeks. Also, test substance–related effects on reproductive organs (based on gross and microscopic examination) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity...","endpoint":"repeated dose toxicity","ingredient":"Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,","loael_value":"","noael_unit":"mg/kg","noael_value":"> 750","page":10,"route":"oral","species":"rat","study_id":"PRS574_noael_004"}
UnifiedCodex:CIR:beta.noael_studies repeated dose toxicity 1400 mg/kg/day rat oral 16 weeks repeated dose toxicity SOURCE_SUBDIR=PRS574; REPORT_TITLE=Safety Assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,; OPINION_NUMBER=PRS574; COMMITTEE=Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel; REPORT_DATE=1 In 2001; VALUE_TEXT=1,400; DOSE=In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;; LOAEL_VALUE=750 mg/kg/day; EFFECT=y in the diet continuously. Animals of the third generation were killed after 16 weeks. Also, test substance–related effects on reproductive organs (based on gross and microscopic examination) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses 2,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was rep...; CITATION=16; 5,600; 1,400; CITATION_NUMBERS=[16,5,600,1,400]; REFERENCE=16; 5,600; 1,400; DETAILS_JSON={"cas_number":"100-51-6","citation":"16; 5,600; 1,400","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","duration":"16 weeks","effect":"y in the diet continuously. Animals of the third generation were killed after 16 weeks. Also, test substance–related effects on reproductive organs (based on gross and microscopic examination) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was rep...","endpoint":"repeated dose toxicity","ingredient":"Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,","loael_value":"750 mg/kg/day","noael_unit":"mg/kg/day","noael_value":"1,400","page":10,"route":"oral","species":"rat","study_id":"PRS574_noael_005"}
UnifiedCodex:CIR:beta.noael_studies repeated dose toxicity 300 mg/kg body weight rat oral subchronic repeated dose toxicity SOURCE_SUBDIR=PRS574; REPORT_TITLE=Safety Assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,; OPINION_NUMBER=PRS574; COMMITTEE=Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel; REPORT_DATE=1 In 2001; VALUE_TEXT=300; DOSE=In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;; LOAEL_VALUE=750 mg/kg/day; EFFECT=n) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses 2,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benz...; CITATION=5,600; 1,400; 2,800; CITATION_NUMBERS=[5,600,1,400,2,800]; REFERENCE=5,600; 1,400; 2,800; DETAILS_JSON={"cas_number":"100-51-6","citation":"5,600; 1,400; 2,800","dose":"In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight;","duration":"subchronic","effect":"n) were not observed in subchronic studies (rats and mice) on benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. In groups of rats fed sodium benzoate (doses up to 5,600 mg/ kg/day) during each day of gestation, developmental effects were observed only in the presence of marked maternal toxicity (reduced food intake and decreased body weight; NOAEL ¼ 1,400 mg/kg/day). All developmental effects were observed at doses \u00072,800 mg/kg/day. On days 6 through 10, 15, or 18 of gestation, dosing with sodium benzoate by gavage in hamsters (NOEL ¼ 300 mg/kg body weight), rabbits (NOEL ¼ 250 mg/kg), and CD-1 mice (NOEL ¼ 175 mg/kg) did not result in maternal toxicity; doses >NOEL were not tested. In mice of an unspecified strain dosed with benzyl alcohol by gavage, an NOAEL of 550 mg/kg (only dose) body weight for developmental toxicity was reported. An LOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day (only dose) for developmental toxicity was reported for CD-1 mice dosed orally (gavage) with benzyl alcohol. In this study, maternal toxicity (increased mortality, decreased body weight, and clinical toxicity) was observed.3 Sodium Benz...","endpoint":"repeated dose toxicity","ingredient":"Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its Salts, and Benzyl Benzoate Wilbur Johnson, Jr1, Wilma F. Bergfeld2, Donald V. Belsito2, Ronald A. Hill2, Curtis D. Klaassen2, Daniel C. Liebler2,","loael_value":"750 mg/kg/day","noael_unit":"mg/kg body weight","noael_value":"300","page":10,"route":"oral","species":"rat","study_id":"PRS574_noael_006"}
openFDA substances 4 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
openFDA substances FDA UNII substance identifier LKG8494WBH UNII - - - chemical {"approval_status":null,"molecular_formula":"C7H8O","source_table":"substance_identifiers_fda","substance_class":"chemical","unii_code":"LKG8494WBH"}
openFDA substances FDA UNII substance identifier LKG8494WBH UNII - - - chemical {"approval_status":null,"molecular_formula":"C7H8O","source_table":"substance_identifiers_fda","substance_class":"chemical","unii_code":"LKG8494WBH"}
openFDA substances FDA UNII substance identifier LKG8494WBH UNII - - - chemical {"approval_status":null,"molecular_formula":"C7H8O","source_table":"substance_identifiers_fda","substance_class":"chemical","unii_code":"LKG8494WBH"}
openFDA substances FDA UNII substance identifier LKG8494WBH UNII - - - chemical {"approval_status":null,"molecular_formula":"C7H8O","source_table":"substance_identifiers_fda","substance_class":"chemical","unii_code":"LKG8494WBH"}