What is the NOAEL for 4-Pentanolide?
4-Pentanolide has 20 NOAEL studies in the database. The lowest reported value is O7056XK37X UNII. Source: openFDA substances.
NOAEL Data
REACH Registered
Cosmetic Ingredient
4-Pentanolide
Also known as: gamma-Valerolactone, 5-17-09-00024, BRN 0080420, EINECS 203-569-5, FEMA No. 3103 (+15 more)
CAS 108-29-2
4-Pentanolide (CAS 108-29-2) is a chemical substance. Key regulatory status: REACH registered, 4 regulatory/inventory lists, cosmetic ingredient cross-reference; source data from EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS, ECHA REACH.
SOURCE
noael studies public
NOAEL studies
20
SOURCE
chemical inventory jurisdictions
Regulatory lists
4
SOURCE
eu clp annex vi
GHS signal
Not classified
Chemical Identity
CAS, identifiers, formula, and alternate names for the matched substance record.
SOURCE
DSSTox identifiers
26 fields
Name
4-Pentanolide
CAS Number
108-29-2
DTXSID
DTXSID0047618
Molecular Formula
C5H8O2
InChI Key
GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Monoisotopic Mass
100.052429
Synonyms
gamma-Valerolactone5-17-09-00024BRN 0080420EINECS 203-569-5FEMA No. 31032(3H)-Furanone, dihydr-5-methyl-gamma-Methyl-gamma-butyrolactonePentanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, gamma-lactonePentanolide-1,4Valeric acid, 4-hydroxy-, gamma-lactonegamma-Valeryllactonegamma-Valerolakton
Functional Uses
Industrial and product-use categories associated with this substance.
SOURCE
EPA CPDat
9 records
FragranceFlavouring and nutrient
Regulatory Lists
Inventory, screening, and regulatory list matches from public chemical databases.
SOURCE
EPA CPDat
4 records
| List | Keyword | Source |
|---|---|---|
| IFRA Transparency | IFRA | IFRA |
| food_additive; Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) (2/2019) | FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| Europe | European Commission | Fl@vis |
| consumer_product | P&G | Proctor & Gamble |
NOAEL Studies
Toxicology endpoints rendered from public NOAEL study rows.
SOURCE
NOAEL studies
Showing 20 of 20 studies
| Value | Unit | Endpoint | Route | Species | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O7056XK37X | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| O7056XK37X | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| O7056XK37X | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| O7056XK37X | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| - | % | Incidence of positive responses | Dermal | Human | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| 8250 | ug/cm2 | Induction dose per skin area | Dermal | Human | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
| =2 | mL/kg bw | LEL | injection | Guinea Pig | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| ~1000 | mg/kg bw/day | LOAEL | injection | Mouse | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| >=1.2 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| >=3.4 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | injection | Mouse | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| >=28.6 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | injection | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| >=49 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| >=51.1 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| >=57.14 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | injection | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| =112 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_EFSA |
| =112 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral: gavage | Rat | EFSA_OpenFoodTox_EFSA_ReferencePoints.xlsx |
| =112 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral: gavage | Rat | EFSA_OpenFoodTox_EFSA_ReferencePoints.xlsx |
| >=500 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| >=1000 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Rat | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
| 3 | unitless | Relative reliability score | Dermal | Human | NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization |
Showing 20 of 20 studies
REACH Registration
Registration status from the ECHA REACH registered substances database.
SOURCE
ECHA (EU)
1 records
| Status | Name | EC Number | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Registered | γ-valerolactone | 203-569-5 | ECHA overview → |
Australian Status (AICIS)
Australian industrial chemicals inventory status and applicable conditions.
SOURCE
AICIS inventory
1 records
Inventory Status
listed
Cosmetic Safety Profile
Same-CAS cosmetic ingredient record for cross-vertical context.
SOURCE
CosIng / Ingredients DB
EU Status
permitted
Max
-
Category
Fragrance
Pharmaceutical Data
Same-CAS pharmaceutical records from drug and bioactivity sources.
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EMBL-EBI ChEMBL
CHEMBL195593
ChEMBL Phase
Not listed
Adverse Events
0
Bioactivity
1
Food Safety Data
Same-CAS food additive, ADI, and GRAS records where available.
SOURCE
EFSA / FDA GRAS
1 records
ADI: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent mg/kg bw
View full food safety profile →Cannabis Data
Same-CAS cannabis compliance and lab records where available.
SOURCE
Cannabis regulatory / lab data
efsa substances
1 cannabis record found in efsa substances.
View full cannabis profile →Frequently Asked Questions
What regulatory lists include 4-Pentanolide?
4-Pentanolide appears on 4 regulatory/inventory lists including IFRA Transparency, food_additive; Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) (2/2019), Europe, and 1 more. Source: EPA CPDat.
Is 4-Pentanolide used in cosmetics?
Yes, 4-Pentanolide is also indexed as a cosmetic ingredient under the name gamma-Valerolactone. View the full cosmetic safety profile on the ingredient page for detailed safety data, SCCS opinions, and regulatory status.
Where does the safety data for 4-Pentanolide come from?
Safety data is sourced from EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS (Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme), EPA DSSTox, ECHA REACH, CosIng / Ingredients DB, ChEMBL / DailyMed, EFSA / FDA GRAS, cannabis regulatory/lab databases. All data traces to primary regulatory sources and is updated from official government databases.
Is 4-Pentanolide used outside industrial chemicals?
4-Pentanolide also appears in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, food safety, cannabis databases.