What is the NOAEL for D&C Red 28?
D&C Red 28 has 32 NOAEL studies in the database. The lowest reported value is 0 s via Ocular. Source: NTP ICE eye irritation.
NOAEL Data
REACH Registered
Cosmetic Ingredient
D&C Red 28
Also known as: Phloxine B, Fluorescein, 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-, disodium salt, EINECS 242-355-6, Food Dye Red No. 104, Japan Red 104 (+2 more)
CAS 18472-87-2
D&C Red 28 (CAS 18472-87-2) is a chemical substance. Key regulatory status: REACH registered, 13 regulatory/inventory lists, cosmetic ingredient cross-reference; source data from EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS, SCCS, ECHA REACH.
SOURCE
NOAEL studies
NOAEL studies
32
SOURCE
Chemical inventory jurisdictions
Regulatory lists
13
SOURCE
EU CLP Annex VI
GHS signal
Not classified
Chemical Identity
CAS, identifiers, formula, and alternate names for the matched substance record.
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DSSTox identifiers
12 fields
Name
D&C Red 28
CAS Number
18472-87-2
Molecular Formula
C20H6Br4Cl4O5.2Na
InChI Key
GFSNXSXKYPCYDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Monoisotopic Mass
827.549823
Synonyms
Phloxine BFluorescein, 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-, disodium saltEINECS 242-355-6Food Dye Red No. 104Japan Red 104Japan Red 104-1Red No. 104-1
Functional Uses
Industrial and product-use categories associated with this substance.
SOURCE
EPA CPDat
6 records
Dye
Regulatory Lists
Inventory, screening, and regulatory list matches from public chemical databases.
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EPA CPDat
13 records
| List | Keyword | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Europe; Personal care - hair coloring | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| Europe; Personal care - hair coloring | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| children; Europe; Personal care | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| children; Europe; Personal care - specialized bath products - bubble bath | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| children; Europe; Personal care - dental care - toothpaste | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| children; Europe; Personal care | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| children; Europe; Personal care | Danish Environmental Protection Agency | Danish EPA |
| pharmaceutical | FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| Personal care | FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| Europe; Personal care; restricted | European Commission | CosIng |
| inert_ingredient; non_food_use; Pesticides | EPA | CPCat |
| Canada; pharmaceutical | DrugBank | DrugBank |
| Canada; consumer_product; Substances in Products - Canada (4/2014) | Government of Canada | CPCat |
NOAEL Studies
Toxicology endpoints rendered from public NOAEL study rows.
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NOAEL studies
Showing 32 of 32 studies
| Value | Unit | Endpoint | Route | Species | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| =15.1 | mg/m3 | DNEL systemic | inhalation | Human | ToxValDB GESTIS DNEL |
| 71 | unitless | Draize rabbit irritation score | Ocular | Rabbit | NTP ICE eye irritation |
| 1 | unitless | EPA Classification | Ocular | Rabbit | NTP ICE eye irritation |
| 767IP0Y5NH | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| 2 | unitless | GHS Classification | Ocular | Rabbit | NTP ICE eye irritation |
| 0.74 | %/sec | Intensity | Ocular | - | NTP ICE eye irritation |
| 10 | mg/kg bw/day | LOAEL | oral | rat | COSMOS DB |
| =2000 | mg/kg bw/day | LOAEL | oral | Mouse | ECHA |
| =10 | mg/kg bw/day | LOEL | oral | Mouse | ToxValDB ECOTOX |
| 0 | s | Lag time | Ocular | - | NTP ICE eye irritation |
| =0.14 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | SCCS Opinion |
| =50 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Rat | ECHA |
| =50 | mg/kg bw/d | NOAEL | - | - | SCCS Opinion |
| =50 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | - | - | SCCS Opinion |
| =50 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | dermal | - | SCCNFP Opinion |
| =250 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Rat | ECHA |
| =500 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Rat | ECHA |
| =920 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Rat | ECHA |
| =2000 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Mouse | ECHA |
| =1 | mg/kg bw/day | NOEL | oral | Mouse | ToxValDB ECOTOX |
| 82 | % | Plateau level | Ocular | - | NTP ICE eye irritation |
| 50 | mg/kg bw/day | developmental toxicity | - | - | Regulatory source |
| 50 | mg/kg bw/d | genotoxicity | - | - | Regulatory source |
| 50 | mg/kg bw/day | irritation | - | human | Regulatory source |
| =0.14 | mg/kg bw/day | repeated dose toxicity | oral | rat | Regulatory source |
| 50 | mg/kg bw/day | repeated dose toxicity | dermal | - | Regulatory source |
| 50 | mg/kg bw/day | repeated dose toxicity | dermal | rabbit | Regulatory source |
| =50 | mg/kg bw/day | repeated dose toxicity | oral | rat | Regulatory source |
| 50 | mg/kg bw/day | repeated dose toxicity | dermal | rabbit | Regulatory source |
| 50 | mg/kg bw/day | repeated dose toxicity | dermal | - | Regulatory source |
| 50 | mg/kg bw/day | reproductive toxicity | - | pig | Regulatory source |
| 50 | mg/kg bw/day | reproductive toxicity | - | - | Regulatory source |
Showing 32 of 32 studies
REACH Registration
Registration status from the ECHA REACH registered substances database.
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ECHA
1 records
| Status | Name | EC Number | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Registered | 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-2-(1,4,5,8-tetrabromo-6-hydroxy-3-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid | 242-355-6 | ECHA overview → |
Australian Status (AICIS)
Australian industrial chemicals inventory status and applicable conditions.
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AICIS inventory
1 records
Inventory Status
listed
SCCS Opinions
EU Scientific Committee opinions tied to the matched substance.
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SCCS Opinion
2 opinions
| Opinion | Date | Conclusion | Max Conc. | Concerns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCCS/1465/12 | 27 March 2012 | safe | 0.6% | sensitisation potential not excluded |
| SCCS/1428/11 | Adopted at 14th plenary meeting of 27 March 2012 (Revision of 26-27 June 2012) | Based on the data provided, the SCCS is of the opinion that the use of Acid Red 92 with a maximum on-head concentration of 2.0% in oxidative and of 0.4% in non-oxidative hair dye formulations does not pose a risk to the health of the consumer. | 2.0% (oxidative hair dye, on-head); 0.4% (non-oxidative hair dye, on-head) | Safe at stated concentrations; opinion also addressed relevance of purity criteria for colorant CI 45410. |
Cosmetic Safety Profile
Same-CAS cosmetic ingredient record for cross-vertical context.
SOURCE
CosIng / Ingredients DB
EU Status
permitted
Max
0.4%
Category
colorant
Pharmaceutical Data
Same-CAS pharmaceutical records from drug and bioactivity sources.
SOURCE
ChEMBL / DailyMed
CHEMBL61441
ChEMBL Phase
Not listed
Adverse Events
0
Bioactivity
0
Food Safety Data
Same-CAS food additive, ADI, and GRAS records where available.
SOURCE
EFSA
1 records
1 food-safety record found.
View full food safety profile →Cannabis Data
Same-CAS cannabis compliance and lab records where available.
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Cannabis regulatory / lab data
efsa substances
1 cannabis record found in efsa substances.
View full cannabis profile →Frequently Asked Questions
What regulatory lists include D&C Red 28?
D&C Red 28 appears on 10 regulatory/inventory lists including Europe; Personal care - hair coloring, children; Europe; Personal care, children; Europe; Personal care - specialized bath products - bubble bath, and 7 more. Source: EPA CPDat.
Is D&C Red 28 used in cosmetics?
Yes, D&C Red 28 is also indexed as a cosmetic ingredient under the name Red 28 Lake (CI 45410)__. View the full cosmetic safety profile on the ingredient page for detailed safety data, SCCS opinions, and regulatory status.
Where does the safety data for D&C Red 28 come from?
Safety data is sourced from EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS (Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme), EPA DSSTox, ECHA REACH, CosIng / Ingredients DB, ChEMBL / DailyMed, EFSA / FDA GRAS, cannabis regulatory/lab databases. All data traces to primary regulatory sources and is updated from official government databases.
Is D&C Red 28 used outside industrial chemicals?
D&C Red 28 also appears in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, food safety, cannabis databases.