What is the NOAEL for 2,3-Butanedione?
2,3-Butanedione has 39 NOAEL studies in the database. The lowest reported value is 0 % via Dermal in Human. Source: NTP ICE skin sensitization.
NOAEL Data
REACH Registered
Cosmetic Ingredient
2,3-Butanedione
Also known as: Dimethyl glyoxal, Diacetyl, Butanedione, 4-01-00-03644, BRN 0605398 (+10 more)
CAS 431-03-8
2,3-Butanedione (CAS 431-03-8) is a chemical substance. Key regulatory status: REACH registered, 4 regulatory/inventory lists, cosmetic ingredient cross-reference; source data from EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS, ECHA REACH, ILO ICSC, OSHA.
Cross-Vertical Regulatory Divergence
2,3-Butanedione is prohibited in EU cosmetics but has active industrial GHS classifications (H225, H302, H315, H317, H318, H331, H373, H351).
SOURCE
Cross-vertical comparison
Cosmetics: ingredients.eu_status; Chemicals: ghs_classifications.signal_word/hazard_statement_code
SOURCE
NOAEL studies
NOAEL studies
39
SOURCE
Chemical inventory jurisdictions
Regulatory lists
4
SOURCE
EU CLP Annex VI
GHS signal
Not classified
Chemical Identity
CAS, identifiers, formula, and alternate names for the matched substance record.
SOURCE
DSSTox identifiers
20 fields
Name
2,3-Butanedione
CAS Number
431-03-8
Molecular Formula
C4H6O2
InChI Key
QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Monoisotopic Mass
86.036779
Synonyms
Dimethyl glyoxalDiacetylButanedione4-01-00-03644BRN 0605398EINECS 207-069-8FEMA No. 2370Glyoxal, dimethyl-UNII-K324J5K4HM2,3-butandioneAcetoacetaldehydeButadione
ICSC Chemical Safety
International Chemical Safety Card hazard and exposure summary.
SOURCE
WHO/JECFA
1 records
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| GHS Signal Word | DANGER |
| GHS Hazard Statements | Highly flammable liquid and vapour Harmful if swallowed Toxic if inhaled Causes skin irritation Causes serious eye irritation Causes damage to respiratory system if inhaled Causes damage to respiratory system through prolonged or repeated exposure if inhaled Harmful to aquatic life |
| Short-term Effects | The substance is severely irritating to the eyes. The substance is irritating to the skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system, lungs and respiratory tract. Exposure at high levels could cause lowering of consciousness. |
| Long-term Effects | Lungs may be affected by repeated or prolongated exposure to the vapour. This may result in impaired functions. See Notes. |
| Routes of Exposure | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion. |
OSHA Exposure Limits
Occupational exposure limits from OSHA, NIOSH, and ACGIH rows.
SOURCE
OSHA / NIOSH / ACGIH occupational exposure limits
4 records
| Agency | Metric | Value | ppm | mg/m3 | Skin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NIOSH | TWA | 5 ppb (0.005 ppm) 8-hr TWA [2.6 ppb (0.0026 ppm) Action Level] | 0.005 | - | - |
| NIOSH | STEL | 25 ppb (0.025 ppm) [15 minutes] | 0.025 | - | - |
| ACGIH | TWA | 0.01 ppm [2011] | 0.01 | - | N |
| ACGIH | STEL | 0.02 ppm [2011] | 0.02 | - | N |
Functional Uses
Industrial and product-use categories associated with this substance.
SOURCE
EPA CPDat
7 records
FragranceFlavouring and nutrient
Regulatory Lists
Inventory, screening, and regulatory list matches from public chemical databases.
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EPA CPDat
4 records
| List | Keyword | Source |
|---|---|---|
| animal_products | USDA | United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) |
| IFRA Transparency | IFRA | IFRA |
| Europe | European Commission | Fl@vis |
| food_additive; Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) (2/2019) | FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
NOAEL Studies
Toxicology endpoints rendered from public NOAEL study rows.
SOURCE
NOAEL studies
Showing 39 of 39 studies
| Value | Unit | Endpoint | Route | Species | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 46.9 | ug/mL | CD54, EC200 | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 13.21 | ug/mL | CD86, EC120 | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 22 | ug/mL | CD86, EC150 | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 24.4 | ug/mL | CD86, EC150 | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 27 | ug/mL | CD86, EC150 | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 94 | ug/mL | CV75 | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 208.3 | ug/mL | CV75 | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 75 | % | Depletion Cys | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 79 | % | Depletion Cys | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 92.8 | % | Depletion Cys | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 26.6 | % | Depletion Lys | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 27 | % | Depletion Lys | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 34.9 | % | Depletion Lys | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 51 | % | Depletion Lys + Cys | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 53 | % | Depletion Lys + Cys | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 63.85 | % | Depletion Lys + Cys | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 74 | uM | EC1.5 | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 141.9 | uM | EC1.5 | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| <160.8 | uM | EC1.5 | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 11 | % | EC3 | Dermal | Mouse | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| K324J5K4HM | UNII | FDA UNII substance identifier | - | - | openFDA substances |
| >400 | uM | IC50 | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 859.9 | uM | IC50 | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 922.2 | uM | IC50 | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 8.298 | ratio | Imax | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 21.2 | ratio | Imax | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 37.2 | ratio | Imax | Dermal | - | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 0 | % | Incidence of positive responses | Dermal | Human | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 1350 | ug/cm2 | Induction dose per skin area | Dermal | Human | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| =1580 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat | NTP ICE acute oral |
| =3000 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat (Female) | NTP ICE acute oral |
| =3400 | mg/kg bw | LD50 | oral | Rat (Male) | NTP ICE acute oral |
| =90 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | Rat | EFSA |
| =90 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral: gavage | Rat | EFSA |
| 300 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | COSMOS DB |
| 540 | mg/kg bw/day | NOAEL | oral | rat | COSMOS DB |
| 176.1 | mg/m3/day | POLY-3 lowest dose | Inhalation | Rat | NTP ICE cancer |
| 3 | unitless | Relative reliability score | Dermal | Human | NTP ICE skin sensitization |
| 50 | ppm | Top dose | Inhalation | Mouse | NTP ICE cancer |
Showing 39 of 39 studies
REACH Registration
Registration status from the ECHA REACH registered substances database.
SOURCE
ECHA
1 records
| Status | Name | EC Number | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Registered | Butanedione | 207-069-8 | ECHA overview → |
Australian Status (AICIS)
Australian industrial chemicals inventory status and applicable conditions.
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AICIS inventory
1 records
Inventory Status
listed
Cosmetic Safety Profile
Same-CAS cosmetic ingredient record for cross-vertical context.
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CosIng / Ingredients DB
EU Status
prohibited
Max
-
Category
Fragrance
Pharmaceutical Data
Same-CAS pharmaceutical records from drug and bioactivity sources.
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ChEMBL / DailyMed
BUTANEDIONE
ChEMBL Phase
Not listed
Adverse Events
0
Bioactivity
2
Cannabis Data
Same-CAS cannabis compliance and lab records where available.
SOURCE
Cannabis regulatory / lab data
efsa substances
1 cannabis record found in efsa substances.
View full cannabis profile →Frequently Asked Questions
What regulatory lists include 2,3-Butanedione?
2,3-Butanedione appears on 4 regulatory/inventory lists including animal_products, IFRA Transparency, Europe, and 1 more. Source: EPA CPDat.
What are the occupational exposure limits for 2,3-Butanedione?
Occupational exposure limits for 2,3-Butanedione are set by NIOSH, ACGIH. 4 limit values from official agencies are documented in the database. Source: OSHA, NIOSH, ACGIH.
Is 2,3-Butanedione used in cosmetics?
Yes, 2,3-Butanedione is also indexed as a cosmetic ingredient under the name Diacetyl. View the full cosmetic safety profile on the ingredient page for detailed safety data, SCCS opinions, and regulatory status.
Where does the safety data for 2,3-Butanedione come from?
Safety data is sourced from EPA ToxValDB, EPA CPDat, AICIS (Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme), EPA DSSTox, ECHA REACH, ILO/WHO ICSC, OSHA/NIOSH/ACGIH, CosIng / Ingredients DB, ChEMBL / DailyMed, cannabis regulatory/lab databases. All data traces to primary regulatory sources and is updated from official government databases.
Does 2,3-Butanedione have different safety status in cosmetics vs industrial chemicals?
2,3-Butanedione is prohibited in EU cosmetics but has active industrial GHS classifications (H225, H302, H315, H317, H318, H331, H373, H351).
Is 2,3-Butanedione used outside industrial chemicals?
2,3-Butanedione also appears in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, cannabis databases.