NOAEL Studies Cosmetic Ingredient

Fumaric Acid NOAEL Studies

INCI: FUMARIC ACID

CAS: 110-17-8

Raw No Observed Adverse Effect Level endpoint records grouped by source. This page does not render calculated Margin of Safety values.

CIR_vision_codex 24 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1 % in diet rat oral 2 years general toxicity, histopathology {"citation":"0","dose":"0.1% and 1.0% in diet","effect":"no clinical or pathological effects attributed to dosing","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Levey_1946_Fumaric_Acid_Oral_Rats"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1.2 % in diet rat oral 2 years growth, feed consumption, mortality, testicular pathology {"citation":"0","dose":"0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.8 or 1.2% and 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5%","effect":"no toxic effects on growth or feed consumption at up to 1.2%; at 1.5% there was slight increase in mortality and testicular atrophy","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Fitzhugh_Nelson_1947_Fumaric_Acid"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =5 % of diet dog oral 2 years body weight, development, hematology, blood sugar, urea levels, organ weights, histopathology {"citation":"0","dose":"0, 1, 3 and 5% of diet","effect":"no adverse effect on body weight gain, development, hematology, blood sugar and urea levels, hemoglobin or urine analysis; no effects in organ weights or histopathological examination of principal organs and tissues","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Harrison_Abbott_1962_Fumaric_Acid_Dogs"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1 % in diet rat oral 2 years general toxicity, histopathology {"citation":"0","dose":"0.1% and 1.0% in diet","effect":"no clinical or pathological effects attributed to dosing","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Levey_1946_Fumaric_Acid_Oral_Rats"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1.2 % in diet rat oral 2 years growth, feed consumption, mortality, testicular pathology {"citation":"0","dose":"0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.8 or 1.2% and 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5%","effect":"no toxic effects on growth or feed consumption at up to 1.2%; at 1.5% there was slight increase in mortality and testicular atrophy","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Fitzhugh_Nelson_1947_Fumaric_Acid"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =5 % of diet dog oral 2 years body weight, development, hematology, blood sugar, urea levels, organ weights, histopathology {"citation":"0","dose":"0, 1, 3 and 5% of diet","effect":"no adverse effect on body weight gain, development, hematology, blood sugar and urea levels, hemoglobin or urine analysis; no effects in organ weights or histopathological examination of principal organs and tissues","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Harrison_Abbott_1962_Fumaric_Acid_Dogs"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1 % in diet rat oral 2 years general toxicity, histopathology {"citation":"0","dose":"0.1% and 1.0% in diet","effect":"no clinical or pathological effects attributed to dosing","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Levey_1946_Fumaric_Acid_Oral_Rats"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1.2 % in diet rat oral 2 years growth, feed consumption, mortality, testicular pathology {"citation":"0","dose":"0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.8 or 1.2% and 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5%","effect":"no toxic effects on growth or feed consumption at up to 1.2%; at 1.5% there was slight increase in mortality and testicular atrophy","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Fitzhugh_Nelson_1947_Fumaric_Acid"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =5 % of diet dog oral 2 years body weight, development, hematology, blood sugar, urea levels, organ weights, histopathology {"citation":"0","dose":"0, 1, 3 and 5% of diet","effect":"no adverse effect on body weight gain, development, hematology, blood sugar and urea levels, hemoglobin or urine analysis; no effects in organ weights or histopathological examination of principal organs and tissues","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Harrison_Abbott_1962_Fumaric_Acid_Dogs"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1 % in diet rat oral 2 years general toxicity, histopathology {"citation":"0","dose":"0.1% and 1.0% in diet","effect":"no clinical or pathological effects attributed to dosing","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Levey_1946_Fumaric_Acid_Oral_Rats"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =1.2 % in diet rat oral 2 years growth, feed consumption, mortality, testicular pathology {"citation":"0","dose":"0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.8 or 1.2% and 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5%","effect":"no toxic effects on growth or feed consumption at up to 1.2%; at 1.5% there was slight increase in mortality and testicular atrophy","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Fitzhugh_Nelson_1947_Fumaric_Acid"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =5 % of diet dog oral 2 years body weight, development, hematology, blood sugar, urea levels, organ weights, histopathology {"citation":"0","dose":"0, 1, 3 and 5% of diet","effect":"no adverse effect on body weight gain, development, hematology, blood sugar and urea levels, hemoglobin or urine analysis; no effects in organ weights or histopathological examination of principal organs and tissues","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Harrison_Abbott_1962_Fumaric_Acid_Dogs"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =6.9 % in diet rabbit oral 150 days general toxicity, spermatogenesis, testicular structure {"citation":"0","dose":"6.9% in diet (equivalent to 5% Fumaric Acid)","effect":"no significant differences from controls in body weight gain, feed consumption, mortality rate, blood counts, blood sugar, non-protein nitrogen level and urine; spermatogenesis and testicular structure were unaffected","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Packman_1963_Sodium_Fumarate_Oral"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =6.9 % in diet rabbit oral 150 days general toxicity, spermatogenesis, testicular structure {"citation":"0","dose":"6.9% in diet (equivalent to 5% Fumaric Acid)","effect":"no significant differences from controls in body weight gain, feed consumption, mortality rate, blood counts, blood sugar, non-protein nitrogen level and urine; spermatogenesis and testicular structure were unaffected","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Packman_1963_Sodium_Fumarate_Oral"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =6.9 % in diet rabbit oral 150 days general toxicity, spermatogenesis, testicular structure {"citation":"0","dose":"6.9% in diet (equivalent to 5% Fumaric Acid)","effect":"no significant differences from controls in body weight gain, feed consumption, mortality rate, blood counts, blood sugar, non-protein nitrogen level and urine; spermatogenesis and testicular structure were unaffected","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Packman_1963_Sodium_Fumarate_Oral"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =6.9 % in diet rabbit oral 150 days general toxicity, spermatogenesis, testicular structure {"citation":"0","dose":"6.9% in diet (equivalent to 5% Fumaric Acid)","effect":"no significant differences from controls in body weight gain, feed consumption, mortality rate, blood counts, blood sugar, non-protein nitrogen level and urine; spermatogenesis and testicular structure were unaffected","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Packman_1963_Sodium_Fumarate_Oral"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =500 mg/kg rabbit intravenous 10-32 days kidney and liver function {"citation":"0","dose":"50-500 mg/kg","effect":"no injurious effect on blood levels of non-protein nitrogen or creatinine, phenosulfolphthalein excretion, or kidney and liver histology","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Bodansky_1942_Sodium_Fumarate_IV"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =500 mg/kg rabbit intravenous 10-32 days kidney and liver function {"citation":"0","dose":"50-500 mg/kg","effect":"no injurious effect on blood levels of non-protein nitrogen or creatinine, phenosulfolphthalein excretion, or kidney and liver histology","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Bodansky_1942_Sodium_Fumarate_IV"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =500 mg/kg rabbit intravenous 10-32 days kidney and liver function {"citation":"0","dose":"50-500 mg/kg","effect":"no injurious effect on blood levels of non-protein nitrogen or creatinine, phenosulfolphthalein excretion, or kidney and liver histology","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Bodansky_1942_Sodium_Fumarate_IV"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =500 mg/kg rabbit intravenous 10-32 days kidney and liver function {"citation":"0","dose":"50-500 mg/kg","effect":"no injurious effect on blood levels of non-protein nitrogen or creatinine, phenosulfolphthalein excretion, or kidney and liver histology","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Bodansky_1942_Sodium_Fumarate_IV"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =2080 mg/kg bw/day rabbit oral 28 days general toxicity {"citation":"0","dose":"320-2080 mg/kg bw","effect":"no deaths","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Locke_1942_Disodium_Fumarate_Oral"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =2080 mg/kg bw/day rabbit oral 28 days general toxicity {"citation":"0","dose":"320-2080 mg/kg bw","effect":"no deaths","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Locke_1942_Disodium_Fumarate_Oral"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =2080 mg/kg bw/day rabbit oral 28 days general toxicity {"citation":"0","dose":"320-2080 mg/kg bw","effect":"no deaths","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Locke_1942_Disodium_Fumarate_Oral"}
CIR_vision_codex NOAEL =2080 mg/kg bw/day rabbit oral 28 days general toxicity {"citation":"0","dose":"320-2080 mg/kg bw","effect":"no deaths","page":8,"pdf":"FR464.pdf","row_type":"noael_study","study_id":"Locke_1942_Disodium_Fumarate_Oral"}
COSMOS_DB 7 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
COSMOS_DB NOAEL 400 mg/kg bw/day guinea pig oral 365 day Chronic US FDA CFSAN PAFA; US FDA CFSAN PAFA Study
COSMOS_DB NOAEL 500 mg/kg bw/day rat oral 730 day Chronic US FDA CFSAN PAFA; US FDA CFSAN PAFA Study
COSMOS_DB NOAEL 600 mg/kg bw/day rat oral 730 day Chronic US FDA CFSAN PAFA; US FDA CFSAN PAFA Study
COSMOS_DB NOAEL 1250 mg/kg bw/day dog oral 730 day Chronic US FDA CFSAN PAFA; US FDA CFSAN PAFA Study
COSMOS_DB NOAEL 1500 mg/kg bw/day rabbit oral 80 day Subchronic US FDA CFSAN PAFA; US FDA CFSAN PAFA Study
COSMOS_DB NOAEL 2070 mg/kg bw/day rabbit oral 150 day Subchronic US FDA CFSAN PAFA; US FDA CFSAN PAFA Study
COSMOS_DB NOAEL 2786 mg/kg bw/day mouse oral 112 day Special Toxicology Study US FDA CFSAN PAFA; US FDA CFSAN PAFA Study
NTP_ICE_acute_inhalation 1 endpoint
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
NTP_ICE_acute_inhalation LC50 >1.306 mg/L - Inhalation Duration=4 hr In Vivo; AcuteInhalNICEATM; Rat Acute Inhalation Toxicity sheet=Data; excel_row=1946; Record_ID=acute_inhalation_3637; Data_Type=In Vivo; Internal_Data_Source=AcuteInhalNICEATM; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID3021518; Assay=Rat Acute Inhalation Toxicity; Endpoint=LC50; Response_Modifier=>; Response=1.306; Response_Unit=mg/L; Reference=REACH; URL=https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15099/7/3/3/?documentUUID=d87e570d-a9d0-4447-9609-f7852858043e; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3021518; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID3021518
NTP_ICE_endocrine 1 endpoint
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
NTP_ICE_endocrine Model Score 0 unitless - - - ARPathway2016; AR Pathway Model, Antagonist sheet=Integrated_approaches; excel_row=9856; RecordID=ARPathway2016_538; DatasetName=ARPathway2016; DTXSID=DTXSID3021518; Assay=AR Pathway Model, Antagonist; Endpoint=Model Score; Response=0; Response_Unit=Unitless; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3021518; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID3021518
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization 9 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization CV75 1250 ug/mL - Dermal - In Vitro; hCLAT2015; h-CLAT sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=2707; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_640; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=hCLAT2015; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID3021518; Assay=h-CLAT; Endpoint=CV75; Reported_Response=1250; Reported_Response_Unit=ug/mL; Response=1250; Response_Unit=ug/mL; Reference=Bauch et al. 2012; 22659254; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.05.013; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3021518; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID3021518
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Depletion Cys 10.8 % - Dermal - In Vitro; DPRA2015; DPRA sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=560; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_163; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=DPRA2015; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID3021518; Assay=DPRA; Endpoint=Depletion Cys; Reported_Response=10.8; Reported_Response_Unit=%; Response=10.8; Response_Unit=%; Reference=Bauch et al. 2012; 22659254; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.05.013; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3021518; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID3021518
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Depletion Lys 4.6 % - Dermal - In Vitro; DPRA2015; DPRA sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=559; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_163; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=DPRA2015; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID3021518; Assay=DPRA; Endpoint=Depletion Lys; Reported_Response=4.5999999999999996; Reported_Response_Unit=%; Response=4.6; Response_Unit=%; Reference=Bauch et al. 2012; 22659254; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.05.013; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3021518; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID3021518
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Depletion Lys + Cys 7.7 % - Dermal - In Vitro; DPRA2015; DPRA sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=562; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_163; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=DPRA2015; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID3021518; Assay=DPRA; Endpoint=Depletion Lys + Cys; Reported_Response=7.7; Reported_Response_Unit=%; Response=7.7; Response_Unit=%; Reference=Bauch et al. 2012; 22659254; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.05.013; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3021518; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID3021518
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization EC1.5 >2000 uM - Dermal - In Vitro; KeratinoSens2015; KeratinoSens sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=4685; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_1085; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=KeratinoSens2015; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID3021518; Assay=KeratinoSens; Endpoint=EC1.5; Response_Modifier=>; Reported_Response_Modifier=>; Reported_Response=2000; Reported_Response_Unit=uM; Response=2000; Response_Unit=uM; Reference=Joint Research Centre of the European Union 2014|Natsch et al. 2013; 23576290; 10.1002/jat.2868; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3021518; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID3021518
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization IC50 >2400 uM - Dermal - In Vitro; Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; LuSens sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=7640; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_1808; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID3021518; Assay=LuSens; Endpoint=IC50; Response_Modifier=>; Reported_Response_Modifier=>; Reported_Response=2400; Reported_Response_Unit=uM; Response=2400; Response_Unit=uM; Reference=Urbisch et al. 2015; 25541156; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.008; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3021518; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID3021518
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Imax 1.2 ratio - Dermal - In Vitro; KeratinoSens2015; KeratinoSens sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=4693; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_1084; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=KeratinoSens2015; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID3021518; Assay=KeratinoSens; Endpoint=Imax; Reported_Response=1.2; Reported_Response_Unit=Unitless; Response=1.2; Response_Unit=Ratio; Reference=Bauch et al. 2012; 22659254; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.05.013; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3021518; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID3021518
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Imax 1.274 ratio - Dermal - In Vitro; Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; LuSens sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=7542; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_1808; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=Urbisch_SkinSensitization2020; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID3021518; Assay=LuSens; Endpoint=Imax; Reported_Response=1.274447392; Reported_Response_Unit=Unitless; Response=1.274; Response_Unit=Ratio; Reference=Urbisch et al. 2015; 25541156; 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.008; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3021518; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID3021518
NTP_ICE_skin_sensitization Imax 1.3 ratio - Dermal - In Vitro; KeratinoSens2015; KeratinoSens sheet=Data_invitro; excel_row=4695; Record_ID=skin_sensitization_invitro_1085; Data_Type=In Vitro; Internal_Data_Source=KeratinoSens2015; Mixture=Chemical; DTXSID=DTXSID3021518; Assay=KeratinoSens; Endpoint=Imax; Reported_Response=1.3; Reported_Response_Unit=Unitless; Response=1.3; Response_Unit=Ratio; Reference=Joint Research Centre of the European Union 2014|Natsch et al. 2013; 23576290; 10.1002/jat.2868; URL_CompTox=https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3021518; URL_CEBS=https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-DTXSID3021518
ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID 2 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID NOAEL >400 mg/kg bw/day Guinea Pig oral - reproduction developmental QUALITY=2 (reliable with restrictions); STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/66a7c892e4b0a7c65d2192be; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://echa.europa.eu/; SUBSOURCE_URL=https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/6159/7/9/2?documentUUID=a18ab576-3a6c-4a7e-878e-b2e212df5800; YEAR=1988; ORIGINAL_YEAR=1988; STUDY_GROUP=ECHA IUCLID:15857436:M/F:P0-; QC_CATEGORY=Programmatically extracted from structured data source; Source overall passed QC, but this record was not manually checked; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_2bac235891d3798b7ff2a18ec7ce4320
ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID NOAEL ~600 mg/kg bw/day Rat oral chronic; 2 years chronic QUALITY=2 (reliable with restrictions); STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/669eacd7e4b0a7c65d1c119c; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://echa.europa.eu/; SUBSOURCE_URL=https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/6159/7/6/2?documentUUID=a18ab576-3a6c-4a7e-878e-b2e212df5800; YEAR=1988; ORIGINAL_YEAR=1988; STUDY_GROUP=ECHA IUCLID_dup_Repeated Dose Toxicity Oral_15843608_15846626:M:--; QC_CATEGORY=Programmatically extracted from structured data source; Source overall passed QC, but this record was not manually checked; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_3098a0522030ca0e4a97a84f22d73437
ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL 1 endpoint
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
ToxValDB_GESTIS_DNEL DNEL systemic =42.32 mg/m3 Human inhalation - Toxicity Value STORED_SOURCE_RECORD=https://clowder.edap-cluster.com/files/6543dd69e4b045b9ff7cd87e; RECORD_SOURCE_LEVEL=Extraction document; SOURCE_URL=https://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-dnel-liste/index-2.jsp; STUDY_GROUP=GESTIS DNEL:15632352:-:--; QC_CATEGORY=Programmatically extracted from structured data source; Source overall passed QC, but this record was not manually checked; QC_STATUS=not determined; SOURCE_HASH=ToxValhc_1fd1d8c05ce96567b422e53f4753dfda
openFDA substances 4 endpoints
Source Endpoint Type Value Unit Species Route Duration Study Type Reference
openFDA substances FDA UNII substance identifier 88XHZ13131 UNII - - - chemical {"approval_status":null,"molecular_formula":"C4H4O4","source_table":"substance_identifiers_fda","substance_class":"chemical","unii_code":"88XHZ13131"}
openFDA substances FDA UNII substance identifier 88XHZ13131 UNII - - - chemical {"approval_status":null,"molecular_formula":"C4H4O4","source_table":"substance_identifiers_fda","substance_class":"chemical","unii_code":"88XHZ13131"}
openFDA substances FDA UNII substance identifier 88XHZ13131 UNII - - - chemical {"approval_status":null,"molecular_formula":"C4H4O4","source_table":"substance_identifiers_fda","substance_class":"chemical","unii_code":"88XHZ13131"}
openFDA substances FDA UNII substance identifier 88XHZ13131 UNII - - - chemical {"approval_status":null,"molecular_formula":"C4H4O4","source_table":"substance_identifiers_fda","substance_class":"chemical","unii_code":"88XHZ13131"}