Food Safety Substance
RiboflavinE101
Riboflavin (E101) is a food additive with PUBLISHED in the EU, GRAS in the US, and data from 8 regulatory sources.
CAS 83-88-5
E101
colorant
Indexable evidence set
FDA
GRAS
ADI / TDI
EFSA ADI <= 0.5 mg/kg bw/day
Codex
39 row(s)
SOURCE
D1 identity resolution
e number aliases | Food Additives | dsstox identifiers | 8 matched regulatory source group(s)
Substance Identity
Resolved identifiers used to render this food-safety record.
Substance name
Riboflavin
CAS
83-88-5
E-number
E101
Food category
colorant
DTXSID
DTXSID8021777
PubChem CID
493570
Evidence tier
Indexable evidence set (14)
SOURCE
EU Commission
FDA | Health Canada | Codex Alimentarius
Multi-Jurisdiction Comparison
Side-by-side status rows for the same resolved substance across public food regulators.
| Jurisdiction | Authority | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | EU Commission | PUBLISHED | EU additive listing; Annex II entry |
| Canada | Health Canada | Listed | Food Colours |
| Codex | Codex Alimentarius | Listed | Colour |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Food Additives | EU Food Additives Database
EU Food Additive Status
EU Commission food-additive listing rows from eu_food_additives.
| Jurisdiction | E-number | Status | Type | Name | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | E101 | PUBLISHED | substanceFAD | Riboflavins | - |
SOURCE
EU Commission
EU Annex II Authorised | EU Food Additives Database
EU Annex II Authorised Uses
Authorised additive rows and use conditions from EU Annex II tables.
| Jurisdiction | E-number | Name | INS | Policy item | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | E101 | Riboflavins | - | POL-FAD-IMPORT-2986 | - |
Conditions and restrictions
| Jurisdiction | Food category | Restriction | Comment | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | 4.2.4.1 fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote | quantum satis | only seaweed-based fish roe analogues | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 4.2.4.1 fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote | quantum satis | only preserves of red fruit | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 4.2.6 processed potato products | quantum satis | only dried potato granules and flakes | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 8.3.1 Non-heat-treated processed meat | quantum satis | only pasturmas | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 8.3.3 Casings and coatings and decorations for meat | quantum satis | only edible external coating of pasturmas | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | quantum satis | only fish paste and crustacean paste | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | quantum satis | only precooked crustacean | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | quantum satis | only smoked fish | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 14.2.7.1 Aromatised wines | ML 100 mg/l | only americano, bitter vino | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 14.2.7.2 Aromatised wine-based drinks | ML 100 mg/l | only bitter soda | EU Annex II Union List |
| European Union | 4.2.1 dried fruit and vegetables | quantum satis | only preserves of red fruit | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 4.2.3 canned or bottled fruit and vegetables | quantum satis | only preserves of red fruit | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 8.3.1 Non-heat-treated processed meat | quantum satis | only pasturmas | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 8.3.3 Casings and coatings and decorations for meat | quantum satis | only edible external coating of pasturmas | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | quantum satis | only fish paste and crustacean paste | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | quantum satis | only precooked crustacean | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 9.2 Processed fish and fishery products including molluscs and crustaceans | quantum satis | only smoked fish | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 14.2.7.1 Aromatised wines | ML 100 mg/l | only americano, bitter vino | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 14.2.7.2 Aromatised wine-based drinks | ML 100 mg/l | only bitter soda | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 4.2.2 fruit and vegetables in vinegar oil or brine | quantum satis | only vegetables (excluding olives) | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 4.2.4.1 fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote | quantum satis | only seaweed-based fish roe analogues | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 4.2.4.1 fruit and vegetable preparations excluding compote | quantum satis | only preserves of red fruit | EU Food Additives Database |
| European Union | 4.2.6 processed potato products | quantum satis | only dried potato granules and flakes | EU Food Additives Database |
SOURCE
Codex Alimentarius
Codex GSFA
Codex GSFA Status
Codex Alimentarius GSFA permissions and maximum-use rows.
| Jurisdiction | INS / E-number | Function | Food category | Max level | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Codex | 101(i) | Colour | 04.1.1.2 Surface-treated fresh fruit | 300 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only.; For use in decoration, stamping, marking or branding the product only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(i) | Colour | 04.2.1.2 Surface-treated fresh vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweeds, and nuts and seeds | 300 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only.; For use in decoration, stamping, marking or branding the product only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(i) | Colour | 04.2.2.7 Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1, 12.9.2.1 and 12.9.2.3 | 500 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Gochujang (CXS 294-2009). [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(i) | Colour | 09.2.1 Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 1,000 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Raw Squid (CODEX STAN 191-1995).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Live and Raw Bivalve Molluscs... |
| Codex | 101(i) | Colour | 09.2.2 Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Fish Sticks (Fish Fingers), Fish Portions and Fish Fillets – Breaded or in Batter (CODEX STAN 166-1989).; For use in... |
| Codex | 101(i) | Colour | 09.2.3 Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(i) | Colour | 09.2.4.1 Cooked fish and fish products | 300 mg/kg | For non-standardized foods: for use in surimi and fish roe products only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(i) | Colour | 09.2.4.2 Cooked mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(i) | Colour | 09.2.4.3 Fried fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(i) | Colour | 09.2.5 Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Dried Shark Fins (CODEX STAN 189-1993).; For use in smoked fish paste only.; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for... |
| Codex | 101(i) | Colour | 10.1 Fresh eggs | 300 mg/kg | For use in decoration, stamping, marking or branding the product only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(i) | Colour | 11.3 Sugar solutions and syrups, also (partially) inverted, including treacle and molasses, excluding products of food category 11.1.3 | 300 mg/kg | [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(i) | Colour | 11.4 Other sugars and syrups (e.g. xylose, maple syrup, sugar toppings) | 300 mg/kg | [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(ii) | Colour | 04.1.1.2 Surface-treated fresh fruit | 300 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only.; For use in decoration, stamping, marking or branding the product only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(ii) | Colour | 04.2.1.2 Surface-treated fresh vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweeds, and nuts and seeds | 300 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only.; For use in decoration, stamping, marking or branding the product only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(ii) | Colour | 04.2.2.7 Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1, 12.9.2.1 and 12.9.2.3 | 500 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Gochujang (CXS 294-2009). [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(ii) | Colour | 09.2.1 Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 1,000 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Raw Squid (CODEX STAN 191-1995).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Live and Raw Bivalve Molluscs... |
| Codex | 101(ii) | Colour | 09.2.2 Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Fish Sticks (Fish Fingers), Fish Portions and Fish Fillets – Breaded or in Batter (CODEX STAN 166-1989).; For use in... |
| Codex | 101(ii) | Colour | 09.2.3 Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(ii) | Colour | 09.2.4.1 Cooked fish and fish products | 300 mg/kg | For non-standardized foods: for use in surimi and fish roe products only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(ii) | Colour | 09.2.4.2 Cooked mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(ii) | Colour | 09.2.4.3 Fried fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(ii) | Colour | 09.2.5 Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Dried Shark Fins (CODEX STAN 189-1993).; For use in smoked fish paste only.; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for... |
| Codex | 101(ii) | Colour | 10.1 Fresh eggs | 300 mg/kg | For use in decoration, stamping, marking or branding the product only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(ii) | Colour | 11.3 Sugar solutions and syrups, also (partially) inverted, including treacle and molasses, excluding products of food category 11.1.3 | 300 mg/kg | [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(ii) | Colour | 11.4 Other sugars and syrups (e.g. xylose, maple syrup, sugar toppings) | 300 mg/kg | [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(iii) | Colour | 04.1.1.2 Surface-treated fresh fruit | 300 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only.; For use in decoration, stamping, marking or branding the product only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(iii) | Colour | 04.2.1.2 Surface-treated fresh vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), seaweeds, and nuts and seeds | 300 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only.; For use in decoration, stamping, marking or branding the product only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(iii) | Colour | 04.2.2.7 Fermented vegetable (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera) and seaweed products, excluding fermented soybean products of food categories 06.8.6, 06.8.7, 12.9.1, 12.9.2.1 and 12.9.2.3 | 500 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Gochujang (CXS 294-2009). [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(iii) | Colour | 09.2.1 Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 1,000 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Raw Squid (CODEX STAN 191-1995).; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Live and Raw Bivalve Molluscs... |
| Codex | 101(iii) | Colour | 09.2.2 Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Quick Frozen Fish Sticks (Fish Fingers), Fish Portions and Fish Fillets – Breaded or in Batter (CODEX STAN 166-1989).; For use in... |
| Codex | 101(iii) | Colour | 09.2.3 Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(iii) | Colour | 09.2.4.1 Cooked fish and fish products | 300 mg/kg | For non-standardized foods: for use in surimi and fish roe products only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(iii) | Colour | 09.2.4.2 Cooked mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(iii) | Colour | 09.2.4.3 Fried fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | For use in glaze, coatings or decorations for fruit, vegetables, meat or fish only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(iii) | Colour | 09.2.5 Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms | 300 mg/kg | Excluding products conforming to the Standard for Dried Shark Fins (CODEX STAN 189-1993).; For use in smoked fish paste only.; Excluding products conforming to the Standard for... |
| Codex | 101(iii) | Colour | 10.1 Fresh eggs | 300 mg/kg | For use in decoration, stamping, marking or branding the product only. [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(iii) | Colour | 11.3 Sugar solutions and syrups, also (partially) inverted, including treacle and molasses, excluding products of food category 11.1.3 | 300 mg/kg | [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
| Codex | 101(iii) | Colour | 11.4 Other sugars and syrups (e.g. xylose, maple syrup, sugar toppings) | 300 mg/kg | [Group: RIBOFLAVINS] |
SOURCE
Health Canada
Health Canada Status
Health Canada food-additive permissions by functional class and food scope.
| Jurisdiction | Class | Permitted foods | Maximum level | List |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | Food Colours | (a) Apple and (naming the fruit or fruits) jam; Bread; Butter; Concentrated (naming the fruit) juice, except frozen concentrated orange juice; Fig marmalade with pectin; Fish roe (caviar); Ice cream mix; Ice milk mix;... | (a) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Colours |
| Canada | Food Colours | (b) Blend of prepared fish and prepared meat as set out in paragraph 18.1.3(g) of Volume 18 of the Food Compositional Standards Document | (b) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Colours |
| Canada | Food Colours | (b.1) (Naming the flavour) essence; (Naming the flavour) extract; (Naming the flavour) flavour | (b.1) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Colours |
| Canada | Food Colours | (c) Unstandardized foods | (c) Good Manufacturing Practice | List of Permitted Food Colours |
SOURCE
JECFA
JECFA ADI
JECFA ADI Values
JECFA ADI records and evaluation years.
| Jurisdiction | Chemical name | JECFA no. | CAS | ADI | ADI upper | Function | Evaluation year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JECFA | RIBOFLAVIN | - | 83-88-5 | 0-0.5 mg/kg bw | 0.5 | COLOUR | 2021 |
| JECFA | RIBOFLAVIN from BACILLUS SUBTILIS | - | - | 0-0.5 mg/kg bw | 0.5 | COLOUR, NUTRIENT_SUPPLEMENT | 2021 |
| JECFA | RIBOFLAVIN 5'-PHOSPHATE SODIUM | - | 130-40-5 | 0-0.5 mg/kg bw | 0.5 | COLOUR | 2021 |
| JECFA | RIBOFLAVIN from ASHBYA GOSSYPII | - | 83-88-5 | NOT SPECIFIED | - | COLOUR | 2021 |
SOURCE
ingredients
ghs classifications
Cross-Reference to Cosmetics / Chemicals / Pharma
Same-CAS public rows from adjacent Roots verticals where available.
SOURCE
Cross-vertical comparison
ingredients | ghs classifications
Cross-Vertical Regulatory Divergence
This substance has different regulatory treatment across food, cosmetics, and industrial use.
SOURCE
FAQPage JSON-LD
public food renderer rows
Frequently Asked Questions
Food-use, safety, ADI, and cross-vertical answers mirrored into FAQPage JSON-LD.
What is Riboflavin used for in food?
Riboflavin appears in food-use rows as: Antioxidant/Color; Colour; Food Colours.
Is Riboflavin / E101 safe?
This page does not assign a standalone safety verdict; it renders public regulatory evidence. ADI/reference value: EFSA ADI <= 0.5 mg/kg bw/day. EU status evidence: PUBLISHED. US/FDA evidence: GRAS.
What is the ADI for Riboflavin?
Riboflavin has this ADI/reference value in the food-safety tables: EFSA ADI <= 0.5 mg/kg bw/day. Source: EFSA ANS 2013.
Is Riboflavin also used in cosmetics?
Riboflavin has a same-CAS cosmetics cross-reference: RIBOFLAVIN, EU status permitted.