Is gamma-Heptalactone safe in cosmetics?
gamma-Heptalactone has a safety rating of "GOOD" in our database. EU status: permitted. US status: permitted.
GOOD
Cosmetic Ingredient
gamma-Heptalactone
Also known as: (+/-)-4-Heptanolide, Heptan-4-olide, 1,4-Heptanolide, 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-propyl-, 4-Hydroxyheptanoic acid, gamma-lactone (+14 more)
INCI: GAMMA-HEPTALACTONE
gamma-Heptalactone (CAS 105-21-5) is a cosmetic cosmetic ingredient functioning as Fragrance / flavoring agent. EU Regulation 1223/2009 status: permitted. Industrial safety data is also available in the chemical safety database. Same-CAS public records also appear in industrial chemical safety and pharmaceutical data.
Function
Fragrance / flavoring agent
Editorial assessment
GOOD
Preliminary editorial note — not a computed safety verdict.
Chemistry & Identifiers
IUPAC Name
5-propyloxolan-2-one
InChIKey
VLSVVMPLPMNWBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Regulatory Status
EU EU Status
permitted
US US Status
permitted
US Notes
Permitted — FEMA GRAS; no 21 CFR restriction
For full compliance data across multiple jurisdictions, use the Substance Compliance tool.
Safety Data
Margin of Safety, dermal absorption, and sensitization profile summaries for gamma-Heptalactone.
Calculate MoS for your specific formulation with the MoS Calculator.
Sensitization AOP Dashboard
Adverse Outcome Pathway data across 5 assays (DPRA, KeratinoSens, hCLAT, LLNA, NESIL) aggregated from public sources.
NESIL
2700 µg/cm²
GHS: 1B
Human: positive
Source: HPPT: [144] Kligman AM (1977): Report to RIFM, 21 April, unpublished.
HRIPT Human Patch Test Studies
3 human repeat insult patch tests aggregated from dermatological literature.
| Test Type | N | Sensitized | Dose µg/cm² | NESIL µg/cm² | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HMT | - | 0 | 2700 | - | - |
| HMT | - | 0 | 2700 | - | - |
| HMT | - | 0 | 2700 | - | - |
ECHA REACH Registration
European Chemicals Agency REACH dossier and Substances of Very High Concern listing.
Registration Type
Full
Tonnage Band
1 - 10 tonnes
Substance Type
SUBSTANCE
SVHC Candidate
No
PubChem Annotations
Safety and regulatory annotations from PubChem (NCBI) aggregated sources.
Safety (1)
Carcinogen Classification
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Source: Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
Regulatory (2)
JECFA Number
225
Source: WHO/JECFA
JECFA Evaluation
gamma-HEPTALACTONE | 1997 | No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent | TRS 884-JECFA 49/42 | FAS 40-JECFA 49/231
Source: WHO/JECFA
Function Categories & List Membership
Cosmetic/Chemical Function Categories
Flavouring and nutrient
Fragrance
Regulatory List Membership (3)
IFRA Fragrance Transparency List
EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients List (SCIL)
FDA Substances Added to Food (EAFUS)
Editorial summary
Preliminary editorial summary for gamma-Heptalactone — not a computed safety verdict. See the sourced toxicological data above.
Regulatory Flags
fragrance-component
epa_safer_alternative
ifra_fragrance
fda_food_additive
jecfa_safe
Known Synonyms
(+/-)-4-Heptanolide
Heptan-4-olide
1,4-Heptanolide
2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-propyl-
4-Hydroxyheptanoic acid, gamma-lactone
BRN 0109569
Dihydro-5-propyl-2(3H)-furanone
EINECS 203-279-9
FEMA No. 2539
gamma-Heptanolactone
Heptanolide-4,1
4-Hydroxyheptanoic acid lactone
NSC 46097
gamma-Propiobutyrolactone
gamma-Propyl-gamma-butyrolactone
4-Propyl-4-hydroxybutanoic acid lactone
UNII-U4XIN3U7DH
(+/-)-Dihydro-5-propyl-2(3H)-furanone
(+/-)-gamma-propyl-gamma-butyrolactone
Chemical Function
Fragrance
Flavouring and nutrient
Regulatory Lists
IFRA Transparency
food_additive; Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) (2/2019)
SCIL (9/2019)
Europe
Australian Status
AICIS status: listed
Cross-Vertical Safety Context
Same-CAS public records found in pharmaceutical data.
SOURCE
ChEMBL / DrugCentral / FAERS
DB_PHARMA CAS match
Pharmaceutical Data
Same-CAS rows from the pharmaceutical spoke database.
ChEMBL ID
CHEMBL365316
Frequently Asked Questions
Is gamma-Heptalactone allowed in the EU?
gamma-Heptalactone EU regulatory status: permitted. This is based on EU Regulation 1223/2009 and its amendments.
What does gamma-Heptalactone do in cosmetics?
gamma-Heptalactone functions as: Fragrance / flavoring agent. It is classified as a cosmetic ingredient in our database. CAS number: 105-21-5.
Is gamma-Heptalactone used outside cosmetics?
gamma-Heptalactone also appears in industrial chemical safety and pharmaceutical data. The cross-vertical cards on this page render same-CAS public rows from the matched databases.
Compliance Tools
Check gamma-Heptalactone compliance across multiple jurisdictions:
Ingredient Decoder
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82 Allergen Checker
Check for EU declarable fragrance allergens
Substance Compliance
Check compliance across multiple jurisdictions
MoS Calculator
Calculate Margin of Safety using SCCS methodology
Heavy Metal Limits
Compare limits across jurisdictions
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