Is PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE safe in cosmetics?
PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE has a safety rating of "MODERATE" in our database. EU status: restricted. 1 toxicological study endpoint(s) are available in our database.
PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE
Also known as: Phthalide, 3-propylidene-, 3-Propylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone, Propylidenephthalide, 1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, 3-propylidene-, Celeriax (+6 more)
PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE (CAS 17369-59-4) is a cosmetic cosmetic ingredient functioning as Perfuming. NOAEL 5.42 mg/kg bw/day (cross-referenced against ToxValDB ECHA IUCLID); EU Regulation 1223/2009 status: restricted, max III/175. Industrial safety data is also available in the chemical safety database. Same-CAS public records also appear in industrial chemical safety and food safety data.
View industrial chemical safety profile for CAS 17369-59-4 →
Function
Perfuming
Editorial assessment
MODERATE
Preliminary editorial note — not a computed safety verdict.
Chemistry & Identifiers
IUPAC Name
3-propylidene-2-benzofuran-1-one
InChIKey
NGSZDVVHIGAMOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Regulatory Status
EU EU Status
restricted
EU Max Conc.
III/175
US US Status
Not specifically regulated
For full compliance data across multiple jurisdictions, use the Substance Compliance tool.
Toxicological Studies
1 study endpoint found for PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE. NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) values are used to calculate the Margin of Safety per SCCS methodology.
| Endpoint | Value | Route | Species | Study Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOAEL | 6.55 mg/kg bw/day | oral | rat | Subchronic | COSMOS DB |
Pre-Calculated Safety Assessment
Pre-calculated NOAEL → SED → MoS audit trail for PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE across SCCS product categories, with measured dermal absorption where available.
Sensitization Profile
Contact sensitization data for PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE based on clinical patch test studies and IFRA standards.
Sensitization Rate
low
Allergen Class
fragrance
EU Allergen Listed
yes
Patch Test Positive Rate
0.1%
Cross-reactivity Group
none
Reaction Type
contact-dermatitis
IFRA Restricted
Source: SCCS Opinion
Sensitization AOP Dashboard
Adverse Outcome Pathway data across 5 assays (DPRA, KeratinoSens, hCLAT, LLNA, NESIL) aggregated from public sources.
DPRA Cys %
4.35%
DPRA Lys %
21.6%
KeratinoSens IC50
717.4 µM
hCLAT CV75
112.9 µg/mL
LLNA EC3
3.7%
NESIL
2700 µg/cm²
LLNA: Moderate (1B)
GHS: 1B
Human: positive
Source: LLNA: Gerberick et al. (2005); DPRA: Nukada et al. 2013 [DOI:10.1016/j.tiv.2012.11.006] | Natsch et al. 2013 [DOI:10.1002/jat.2868]; KS: Natsch et al. 2013 [DOI:10.1002/jat.2868]; hCLAT: Ashikaga et al. 2010 [DOI:10.1177/026119291003800403]; HPPT: [6] Kligman AM (1975): Report to RIFM, 16 June, unpublished.
HRIPT Human Patch Test Studies
3 human repeat insult patch tests aggregated from dermatological literature.
| Test Type | N | Sensitized | Dose µg/cm² | NESIL µg/cm² | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRIPT | 109 | 0 | 945 | 945 | non-sensitizer |
| HMT | - | 0 | 2700 | - | - |
| OECD_DA_Human | - | 0 | - | - | 1B (Weak sensitizer) |
Expanded Jurisdictional Detail
Additional regulatory detail beyond the 7-jurisdiction summary: Saudi SFDA, Korea MFDS, ASEAN ACD, Japan/Korea, Brazil/India, and cross-jurisdictional restriction entries.
SA Saudi SFDA (III - Restricted)
Product type: (a) Oral products (b) Other produts. Max: (b) 0.01%.
BRIN Brazil/India Cosmetics
India: Restricted · max (b) 0.01%
PubChem Annotations
Safety and regulatory annotations from PubChem (NCBI) aggregated sources.
Regulatory (2)
JECFA Number
1168
Source: WHO/JECFA
JECFA Evaluation
3-PROPYLIDENEPHTHALIDE | 2003 | No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent | TRS 922-JECFA 61/49 | FAS 52-JECFA 61/175
Source: WHO/JECFA
Function Categories & List Membership
Cosmetic/Chemical Function Categories
Flavouring and nutrient
Fragrance
Regulatory List Membership (3)
IFRA Fragrance Transparency List
FDA Substances Added to Food (EAFUS)
EU CosIng Cosmetics Ingredient Database
Editorial summary
Preliminary editorial summary for PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE — not a computed safety verdict. See the sourced toxicological data above.
Regulatory Flags
cosing-sourced
eu-restricted
fragrance
needs-enrichment
ifra_fragrance
fda_food_additive
eu_cosing_listed
NOAEL Studies Summary
View details ->Public NOAEL study rows linked to PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE by CAS number or substance name.
Studies
1
Lowest NOAEL
6.55 mg/kg bw/day
Highest NOAEL
6.55 mg/kg bw/day
COSMOS DB
Known Synonyms
Phthalide, 3-propylidene-
3-Propylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone
Propylidenephthalide
1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, 3-propylidene-
Celeriax
3-propylidenephthalide
3-propylidenephthalimide
EC No.: 241-402-8
EINECS 241-402-8
FEMA No. 2952
UNII-WHD8YJ226P
Chemical Function
Fragrance
Flavouring and nutrient
Regulatory Lists
IFRA Transparency
Europe
food_additive; Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) (2/2019)
Europe; Personal care; restricted
Australian Status
AICIS status: listed
Cross-Vertical Safety Context
Same-CAS public records found in food safety data.
SOURCE
EFSA / FDA GRAS
food_additives
Food Safety Data
Same-CAS food additive or FDA GRAS records from the core public database.
Food Name
3-PROPYLIDENEPHTHALIDE
ADI
No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent mg/kg bw
Food Category
flavoring
Frequently Asked Questions
Is PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE allowed in the EU?
PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE EU regulatory status: restricted. Maximum allowed concentration: III/175. This is based on EU Regulation 1223/2009 and its amendments.
What does PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE do in cosmetics?
PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE functions as: Perfuming. It is classified as a cosmetic ingredient in our database. CAS number: 17369-59-4.
What is the NOAEL for PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE?
The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE is 6.55 mg/kg bw/day based on a Subchronic study via oral route in rat. Source: COSMOS DB.
Is PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE used outside cosmetics?
PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE also appears in industrial chemical safety and food safety data. The cross-vertical cards on this page render same-CAS public rows from the matched databases.
Compliance Tools
Check PROPYLIDENE PHTHALIDE compliance across multiple jurisdictions:
Ingredient Decoder
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82 Allergen Checker
Check for EU declarable fragrance allergens
Substance Compliance
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MoS Calculator
Calculate Margin of Safety using SCCS methodology
Heavy Metal Limits
Compare limits across jurisdictions
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