Good Cosmetic Ingredient GHS Classified SCCS/CIR Reviewed Sensitization Data

BENZALDEHYDE

Also known as: Benzene carboxaldehyde, Bitter almond oil, synthetic, EINECS 202-860-4, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 008601, NCI-C56133 (+14 more)

BENZALDEHYDE (CAS 100-52-7) is a cosmetic cosmetic ingredient functioning as Denaturant, Flavouring, Fragrance, Perfuming. NOAEL 400 mg/kg bw/day (cross-referenced against ToxValDB ECHA IUCLID); EU Regulation 1223/2009 status: permitted; GHS signal word WARNING. Industrial safety data is also available in the chemical safety database. Same-CAS public records also appear in industrial chemical safety data.

View industrial chemical safety profile for CAS 100-52-7 →

Auto-generated CPSR Part A draft with source citations
CAS Number
100-52-7
View industrial chemical safety profile →
Function
Denaturant, Flavouring, Fragrance, Perfuming
Safety Rating
GOOD

Chemistry & Identifiers

Formula
C7H6O
MW
106.12 g/mol
EC Number
202-860-4
PubChem CID
240
IUPAC Name
benzaldehyde
InChIKey
HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
ChEBI: CHEBI:17169 UNII: TA269SD04T Wikidata: Q372524

Regulatory Status

EU EU Status permitted
US US Status permitted
US Notes CIR: S - IJT 25(Suppl. 1):11-27, 2006

For full compliance data across multiple jurisdictions, use the Substance Compliance tool.

Safety Data

Margin of Safety, dermal absorption, and sensitization profile summaries for BENZALDEHYDE.

Calculate MoS for your specific formulation with the MoS Calculator.

GHS Hazard Classification

Globally Harmonized System classification per ECHA C&L inventory and ILO/WHO International Chemical Safety Cards.

Signal Word
WARNING
Pictograms
FlamFlameExcl markWarn
Hazard Statements
Flammable liquid and vapour Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin Toxic to aquatic life
Short-term Exposure Effects
The substance is irritating to the eyes.
Routes of Exposure
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Safety Opinions

Official safety assessments from the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) and Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR).

cir
Verdict: unknown
NOAEL: 400 mg/kg (oral)

Pre-Calculated Safety Assessment

Pre-calculated NOAEL → SED → MoS audit trail for BENZALDEHYDE across SCCS product categories, with measured dermal absorption where available.

Sensitization Profile

Contact sensitization data for BENZALDEHYDE based on clinical patch test studies and IFRA standards.

Sensitization Rate
low
Allergen Class
fragrance
EU Allergen Listed
yes
Patch Test Positive Rate
0.2%
Cross-reactivity Group
none
Reaction Type
contact-dermatitis
IFRA Restricted

Source: EU 2023/1545; SCCS/1459/11

EPA ToxValDB — Toxicity Values

10 toxicity values from EPA ToxValDB (aggregated from CCTE, HPV, ToxRefDB, IRIS, and other regulatory dossiers).

Endpoint Value Species Route Duration Source
LEL =60766.6 mg/m3 Human inhalation - DOE Protective Action Criteria
ADI <=5 mg/kg Human oral - WHO JECFA ADI
LD50 >1250 mg/kg Rabbit dermal - ECHA IUCLID
LD50 =1300 mg/kg Rat oral - ECHA IUCLID
LEL =300 mg/kg-day Mouse oral chronic ToxRefDB
LEL =400 mg/kg-day Mouse oral chronic ToxRefDB
LEL =400 mg/kg-day Rat oral chronic ToxRefDB
LEL =200 mg/kg-day Rat oral chronic ToxRefDB
LOAEL =300 mg/kg-day Mouse oral chronic ToxRefDB
NEL =200 mg/kg-day Mouse oral chronic ToxRefDB

EU CLP Annex VI Harmonized Classification

Legally binding harmonized classification per Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) Annex VI.

Signal Word
Warning
Pictograms
Harmful / Irritant
Hazard Class and Category
Acute Tox. 4 *
Hazard Statements
  • H302 Harmful if swallowed

Inserted via ATP: CLP00

Sensitization AOP Dashboard

Adverse Outcome Pathway data across 5 assays (DPRA, KeratinoSens, hCLAT, LLNA, NESIL) aggregated from public sources.

DPRA Cys %
7.2%
DPRA Lys %
-1.7%
KeratinoSens IC50
2000 µM
hCLAT CV75
488.4 µg/mL
LLNA EC3
25%
NESIL
590 µg/cm²
LLNA: Weak (1B) GHS: 1B Human: positive

Source: LLNA: Gerberick et al. (2005); DPRA: Gerberick et al. 2007 [DOI:10.1093/toxsci/kfm064]; KS: Emter et al. 2010 [DOI:10.1016/j.taap.2010.03.009]; hCLAT: Nukada et al. 2013 [DOI:10.1016/j.tiv.2012.11.006]; HPPT: [17] Kligman AM (1973): Reports to RIFM, 11 October & 10 December, unpublished.

HRIPT Human Patch Test Studies

5 human repeat insult patch tests aggregated from dermatological literature.

Test Type N Sensitized Dose µg/cm² NESIL µg/cm² Potency
HRIPT 104 6 5905 591 -
HRIPT 111 0 591 591 non-sensitizer
HMT - 0 2592 - -
HRIPT - 0 590 - -
HRIPT - 0 5900 - -

ECHA REACH Registration

European Chemicals Agency REACH dossier and Substances of Very High Concern listing.

Registration Type
Full
Tonnage Band
1,000 - 10,000 tonnes
Substance Type
SUBSTANCE
SVHC Candidate
No
Hazard classification: Restricted (Annex XVII)

IFRA Concentration Limits (12 Product Categories)

International Fragrance Association standards per product category. Restriction: Restriction. Effective: 2021-02-10.

Category Max % Category Max %
1 (Lip products) 0.4% 7a (Deodorant – not spray) 0.8%
2 (Body spray) 0.12% 7b (Deodorant spray) 0.8%
3 (Body cream) 0.6% 8 (Face cream) 0.14%
4 (Fine fragrance) 2.0% 9 (Soap) 2.0%
5a (Body lotion) 0.5% 10a (Household – non-spray) 2.0%
5b (Face cream leave-on) 0.4% 10b (Household – spray) 4.5%
5c (Hand cream) 0.5% 11a (Intimate – leave-on) 0.14%
5d (Baby cream) 0.14% 11b (Intimate – rinse) 0.14%
6 (Mouthwash) 0.4% 12 (Not for consumer exposure) No Restriction%

Additional Ingredient Properties

1 property record from structured ingredient metadata.

allergen_detail
{"eu_allergen_listed": "yes", "allergen_class": "fragrance", "patch_test_frequency_pct": "0.2", "sensitization_rate": "low", "common_reaction_type": "contact-dermatitis", "ifra_restricted": "yes", "source": "EU 2023/1545; SCCS/1459/11"}

PubChem Annotations

Safety and regulatory annotations from PubChem (NCBI) aggregated sources.

Safety (3)
Carcinogen Classification
Benzaldehyde | TR-378: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzaldehyde (CASRN 100-52-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) (1990 ) | 06/27/89 | No Evidence | No Evidence | Some Evidence | Some Evidence | Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of benzaldehyde for male or female F344/N rats receiving 200 or 400
Source: NTP Technical Reports
ICSC Safety Card
0102
Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Skin Eye Respiratory Irritation
... The test substance is identified as ocular irritant under the conditions of /an/ in vitro assay. | Two animals were dosed with 100 microliter of test substance in the eye and observed for 7 days. The test substance was slightly irritating to the rabbit eye in this test. | A skin irritant.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Regulatory (2)
JECFA Number
22
Source: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
JECFA Evaluation
ALMOND OIL, ARTIFICIAL | 2001 | 0-5 mg/kg bw (1996) | No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent. The 1996 group ADI of 0-5 mg/kg bw for benzoic acid, the benzoate salts (calcium, potassium and sodium), benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate, expressed as benzoic acid equivalents, was maintained at the fifty-seventh meeting (2001). | TRS
Source: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)

Function Categories & List Membership

Cosmetic/Chemical Function Categories
Deodorizer Flavouring and nutrient Fragrance No specific technical function Solvent
Regulatory List Membership (3)
IFRA Fragrance Transparency List FDA Substances Added to Food (EAFUS) Consumer Product Chemical

Expert Verdict

Expert safety assessment and concern-level summary for BENZALDEHYDE.

Regulatory Flags

cosing-sourced eu-permitted fragrance needs-enrichment endocrine_disruptor ifra_fragrance fda_food_additive

NOAEL Studies Summary

View details ->

Public NOAEL study rows linked to BENZALDEHYDE by CAS number or substance name.

Studies
6
Lowest NOAEL
200 mg/kg bw/day
Highest NOAEL
400 mg/kg bw/day
ECHA_REACH_reach_study_results_dossiers_23-05-2023.zip

Known Synonyms

Benzene carboxaldehyde Bitter almond oil, synthetic EINECS 202-860-4 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 008601 NCI-C56133 UNII-TA269SD04T Artificial bitter almond oil Artificial essential oil of almond BEZ Benzadehyde Benzanoaldehyde Benzene carbaldehyde Benzene methylal Benzenemethylal Benzoyl hydride Benzyaldehyde Benzylaldehyde Caswell No. 076 Ethereal oil of bitter almonds

Chemical Function

Fragrance Deodorizer Flavouring and nutrient No specific technical function Solvent

Regulatory Lists

detected; Europe; Vehicle - car interior air; detected; emissions; Europe; Vehicle - car interior inert_ingredient; non_food_use; Pesticides air; Cons electronics mech appliances and machinery; detected; emissions; Europe air; Cons electronics mech appliances and machinery; detected; emissions; Europe Cons electronics mech appliances and machinery; detected; emissions; Europe Arts and crafts/Office supplies - home office - pens and markers; detected; Europe Arts and crafts/Office supplies - fabric treatment and dye; detected Arts and crafts/Office supplies - fabric treatment and dye; detected; Europe artificial_saliva; detected; emissions; Europe; Toys and children's products air; detected; emissions; Europe; Toys and children's products artificial_saliva; detected; emissions; Europe; Furniture and Furnishings artificial_saliva; detected; emissions; Europe; Other indirect contact consumer goods consumer_product; detected detected; Europe; Personal care - nails - nail polish detected; Europe; Personal care - nails - nail polish air; Cleaning products and household care - air freshener; detected; emissions detected; emissions; Europe; Other indirect contact consumer goods; water

Australian Status

AICIS status: listed

Frequently Asked Questions

Is BENZALDEHYDE safe in cosmetics?

BENZALDEHYDE has a safety rating of "GOOD" in our database. EU status: permitted. US status: permitted. This ingredient has been reviewed by cir.

Is BENZALDEHYDE allowed in the EU?

BENZALDEHYDE EU regulatory status: permitted. This is based on EU Regulation 1223/2009 and its amendments.

What does BENZALDEHYDE do in cosmetics?

BENZALDEHYDE functions as: Denaturant, Flavouring, Fragrance, Perfuming. It is classified as a cosmetic ingredient in our database. CAS number: 100-52-7.

Is BENZALDEHYDE classified as hazardous under GHS?

BENZALDEHYDE carries a GHS signal word of "WARNING". Hazard statements: Flammable liquid and vapour Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin Toxic to aquatic life. This classification is based on the ILO/WHO International Chemical Safety Card and ECHA C&L inventory data. Note: GHS classification applies to the pure substance — at cosmetic use concentrations, hazard thresholds may not be met.

Is BENZALDEHYDE used outside cosmetics?

BENZALDEHYDE also appears in industrial chemical safety data. The cross-vertical cards on this page render same-CAS public rows from the matched databases.

Does BENZALDEHYDE have different safety status in cosmetics vs industrial chemicals?

BENZALDEHYDE is classified GHS Danger (H302, H319, H332, H336, H227, H315, H317, H320) in the chemicals database but is allowed in EU cosmetics.

Compliance Tools

Check BENZALDEHYDE compliance across multiple jurisdictions:

Ingredient Decoder
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82 Allergen Checker
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Substance Compliance
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MoS Calculator
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Heavy Metal Limits
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