Is Acid Black 1 safe in cosmetics?
Acid Black 1 has a safety rating of "POOR" in our database. EU status: restricted. US status: permitted. 10 toxicological study endpoint(s) are available in our database.
Acid Black 1
Also known as: Naphthol Blue Black, C.I. Acid Black 1, 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-6-(2-phenyldiazenyl)-, sodium salt (1:2), D and C Black No. 1, D And C Black Number 1 (+14 more)
INCI: ACID BLACK 1
Acid Black 1 (CAS 1064-48-8) is a cosmetic cosmetic ingredient functioning as Hair colorant (non-oxidative direct dye). NOAEL 0.78 mg/kg bw/day (PDF-verified against ToxValDB ECHA IUCLID); EU Regulation 1223/2009 status: restricted. Industrial safety data is also available in the chemical safety database. Same-CAS public records also appear in industrial chemical safety data.
View industrial chemical safety profile for CAS 1064-48-8 →
Auto-generated CPSR Part A draft with source citations
Cross-Vertical Regulatory Divergence
Acid Black 1 is classified GHS Danger (H315, H317, H319, H335, H372) in the chemicals database but is restricted in EU cosmetics.
Source: Cosmetics: ingredients.eu_status; Chemicals: ghs_classifications.signal_word/hazard_statement_code
Function
Hair colorant (non-oxidative direct dye)
Safety Rating
POOR
Chemistry & Identifiers
IUPAC Name
disodium;4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-[(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-6-phenyldiazenylnaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate
InChIKey
AOMZHDJXSYHPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Regulatory Status
EU EU Status
restricted
US US Status
permitted
US Notes
Listed as a color additive; subject to FDA color additive regulations. Not permanently listed for all uses
For full compliance data across multiple jurisdictions, use the Substance Compliance tool.
Safety Data
Margin of Safety, dermal absorption, and sensitization profile summaries for Acid Black 1.
Calculate MoS for your specific formulation with the MoS Calculator.
Toxicological Studies
10 study endpoints found for Acid Black 1. NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) values are used to calculate the Margin of Safety per SCCS methodology.
| Endpoint | Value | Route | Species | Study Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOAEL | =0.78 mg/kg bw/d | oral | rat | dermal absorption | SCCS_vision_codex |
| NOAEL | =0.78 mg/kg bw/d | oral | rat | dermal absorption | SCCS_vision_codex |
| NOAEL | =0.78 mg/kg bw/d | oral | rat | dermal absorption | SCCS_vision_codex |
| NOAEL | =0.78 mg/kg bw/d | oral | rat | dermal absorption | SCCS_vision_codex |
| NOAEL | =5 mg/kg/day | - | - | NOAEL study | SCCS_vision_codex |
| NOAEL | =5 mg/kg/day | - | - | NOAEL study | SCCS_vision_codex |
| NOAEL | =5 mg/kg/day | - | - | NOAEL study | SCCS_vision_codex |
| NOAEL | =5 mg/kg/day | - | - | NOAEL study | SCCS_vision_codex |
| NOAEL | =40 mg/kg bw/day | - | human | developmental toxicity | SCCS_vision_codex |
| NOAEL | =40 mg/kg bw/day | - | human | developmental toxicity | SCCS_vision_codex |
Pre-Calculated Safety Assessment
Pre-calculated NOAEL → SED → MoS audit trail for Acid Black 1 across SCCS product categories, with measured dermal absorption where available.
Sensitization Profile
Contact sensitization data for Acid Black 1 based on clinical patch test studies and IFRA standards.
Sensitization Rate
low
Allergen Class
dye
EU Allergen Listed
no
Patch Test Positive Rate
0.2%
Cross-reactivity Group
para-amino-group
Reaction Type
contact-dermatitis
Source: SCCS; IVDK
ECHA REACH Registration
European Chemicals Agency REACH dossier and Substances of Very High Concern listing.
Registration Type
Full
Tonnage Band
10 - 100 tonnes
Substance Type
SUBSTANCE
SVHC Candidate
No
EU CosIng Annex Listing
European Commission CosIng database Annex references per Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009.
Annex IV — Permitted Colorants
Product type: Black
Expanded Jurisdictional Detail
Additional regulatory detail beyond the 7-jurisdiction summary: Saudi SFDA, Korea MFDS, ASEAN ACD, Japan/Korea, Brazil/India, and cross-jurisdictional restriction entries.
SA Saudi SFDA (III - Restricted)
Product type: Hair dye substance in non-oxidative hair dye products. Max: 0,5 %.
BRIN Brazil/India Cosmetics
India: Restricted · max 0,5 %
India: Permitted Colorant
Additional Jurisdictional Restrictions (1)
| Jurisdiction | Status | Max % | Product Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASEAN | permitted_colorant | - | Not eye area |
Expanded Dermal Absorption Data
Cross-database dermal penetration: EPA Dryad physics-based, Roberts Mendeley permeation, and SCCS-aggregated measured values.
Aggregated DA Values (5 records across 5 sources)
| Type | DA % | Method | Skin Model | SCCS Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| measured | 1.0% | - | - | SCCS/0148 |
| measured | 0.5% | in_vitro | - | SCCS/0148 |
| measured | 0.03% | - | - | SCCS/0148 |
| measured | 0.6% | - | - | SCCS/0148 |
| measured | 3.3% | - | - | SCCS/0148 |
Additional Ingredient Properties
2 property records from structured ingredient metadata.
allergen_detail
{"eu_allergen_listed": "no", "allergen_class": "dye", "cross_reactivity_group": "para-amino-group", "patch_test_frequency_pct": "0.2", "sensitization_rate": "low", "common_reaction_type": "contact-dermatitis", "ifra_restricted": "no", "source": "SCCS; IVDK"}
hair_dye
{"cas_number": "1064-48-8", "ingredient_class": "direct_dye", "color_index_CI_number": "20470", "chemical_class": "azo", "color_result_on_hair": "Black", "shade_range": "black", "primary_function": "direct_deposit", "requires_developer": "no", "deposit_only": "yes", "permanence": "semi_permanent", "wash_fastness_shampoos": "4-8", "light_fastness": "good", "oxidation_mechanism": "direct_absorption"…
Function Categories & List Membership
Cosmetic/Chemical Function Categories
Dye
Regulatory List Membership (2)
EU Regulated in Personal Care
EU CosIng Cosmetics Ingredient Database
Expert Verdict
Expert safety assessment and concern-level summary for Acid Black 1.
Regulatory Flags
colorant
eu_cosing_listed
NOAEL Studies Summary
View details ->Public NOAEL study rows linked to Acid Black 1 by CAS number or substance name.
Studies
12
Lowest NOAEL
0.78
Highest NOAEL
40
Units vary across source rows: mg/kg/day, mg/kg bw/day, mg/kg bw/d
SCCS_vision_codex
Dermal Absorption
View details ->| Absorption % | Method | Vehicle |
|---|---|---|
| 1.0% | - | - |
| 0.5% | in_vitro | - |
| 0.03% | - | - |
| 0.6% | - | - |
| 3.3% | - | - |
Known Synonyms
Naphthol Blue Black
C.I. Acid Black 1
2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-6-(2-phenyldiazenyl)-, sodium salt (1:2)
D and C Black No. 1
D And C Black Number 1
D&C Black 1
Acid Black H
Acid Black 10A
Acid Black 10B
Acid Black 10BA
Acid Black 10BN
Acid Black 12B
Acid Black 4BN
Acid Black 4BNU
Acid Black Base M
Acid Black BRX
Acid Black BX
Acid Black JVS
Acid Blue Black
Chemical Function
Dye
Regulatory Lists
Europe; Personal care; restricted
Europe; Personal care - hair coloring
Europe; Personal care - hair coloring
Europe; Personal care - hair coloring
inert_ingredient; non_food_use; Pesticides
Europe; Personal care
Australian Status
AICIS status: listed
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Acid Black 1 allowed in the EU?
Acid Black 1 EU regulatory status: restricted. This is based on EU Regulation 1223/2009 and its amendments.
What does Acid Black 1 do in cosmetics?
Acid Black 1 functions as: Hair colorant (non-oxidative direct dye). It is classified as a cosmetic ingredient in our database. CAS number: 1064-48-8.
What is the NOAEL for Acid Black 1?
The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for Acid Black 1 is =0.78 mg/kg bw/d based on a dermal absorption study via oral route in rat. A total of 10 study endpoints are available. Source: SCCS_vision_codex.
Is Acid Black 1 used outside cosmetics?
Acid Black 1 also appears in industrial chemical safety data. The cross-vertical cards on this page render same-CAS public rows from the matched databases.
Does Acid Black 1 have different safety status in cosmetics vs industrial chemicals?
Acid Black 1 is classified GHS Danger (H315, H317, H319, H335, H372) in the chemicals database but is restricted in EU cosmetics.
Compliance Tools
Check Acid Black 1 compliance across multiple jurisdictions:
Ingredient Decoder
Paste a full ingredient list for instant analysis
82 Allergen Checker
Check for EU declarable fragrance allergens
Substance Compliance
Check compliance across multiple jurisdictions
MoS Calculator
Calculate Margin of Safety using SCCS methodology
Heavy Metal Limits
Compare limits across jurisdictions
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