Moderate Fragrance GHS Classified Sensitization Data Dermal Penetration

Coumarin

Also known as: 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, Chromen-2-one, 5-17-10-00143, 2H-1-Benzopyran, 2-oxo-, 2H-Benzo(b)pyran-2-one (+15 more)

INCI: COUMARIN

Coumarin (CAS 91-64-5) is a cosmetic fragrance functioning as Fragrance; aroma chemical; sweet/hay/warm note; UV absorber. NOAEL 8.33333 mg/kg bw/day (cross-referenced against ToxValDB ECHA IUCLID); EU Regulation 1223/2009 status: restricted, max 10 ppm in leave-on products, 100 ppm in rinse-off products. Industrial safety data is also available in the chemical safety database. Same-CAS public records also appear in industrial chemical safety, pharmaceutical, and food safety data.

View industrial chemical safety profile for CAS 91-64-5 →

Auto-generated CPSR Part A draft with source citations
CAS Number
91-64-5
View industrial chemical safety profile →
Function
Fragrance; aroma chemical; sweet/hay/warm note; UV absorber
Safety Rating
MODERATE

Chemistry & Identifiers

EC Number
202-086-7
ChEBI: CHEBI:28794 UNII: A4VZ22K1WT Wikidata: Q111812

Regulatory Status

EU EU Status restricted
EU Max Conc. 10 ppm in leave-on products, 100 ppm in rinse-off products
US US Status permitted
US Notes No US federal individual fragrance ingredient disclosure requirement; subject to SCCS cosmetic use limits for brands seeking EU compliance

For full compliance data across multiple jurisdictions, use the Substance Compliance tool.

Safety Data

Margin of Safety, dermal absorption, and sensitization profile summaries for Coumarin.

Calculate MoS for your specific formulation with the MoS Calculator.

GHS Hazard Classification

Globally Harmonized System classification per ECHA C&L inventory and ILO/WHO International Chemical Safety Cards.

Short-term Exposure Effects
The substance is irritating to the skin.
Long-term Exposure Effects
This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
Routes of Exposure
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Pre-Calculated Safety Assessment

Pre-calculated NOAEL → SED → MoS audit trail for Coumarin across SCCS product categories, with measured dermal absorption where available.

Sensitization Profile

Contact sensitization data for Coumarin based on clinical patch test studies and IFRA standards.

Sensitization Rate
low
Allergen Class
fragrance
EU Allergen Listed
yes
Patch Test Positive Rate
0.7%
Cross-reactivity Group
fragrance-mix-II
Reaction Type
contact-dermatitis
IFRA Restricted — max 0.8% in finished products

Source: ESSCA/IVDK

Dermal Penetration Profile

Skin absorption and penetration characteristics of Coumarin, relevant to systemic exposure and MoS calculations.

Absorption %
20-35%
Penetration Level
dermis
Penetration Depth
epidermis/dermis
Molecular Weight
146.1 Da
Log P
1.39
Systemic Absorption
yes
Topical Bioavailability
15-30%
Safety Margin Factor
very-high
Vehicle Dependent
Yes — absorption varies by formulation

Source: SCCS Opinion

EPA ToxValDB — Toxicity Values

10 toxicity values from EPA ToxValDB (aggregated from CCTE, HPV, ToxRefDB, IRIS, and other regulatory dossiers).

Endpoint Value Species Route Duration Source
NOAEL =10 mg/kg-day Dog oral chronic EFSA
NOAEL =10 mg/kg-day Dog oral chronic EFSA
LEL =400 mg/kg-day Rat oral short-term EPA ToxRefDB
LEL =400 mg/kg-day Rat oral short-term EPA ToxRefDB
LEL =300 mg/kg-day Mouse oral short-term EPA ToxRefDB
LEL =300 mg/kg-day Mouse oral short-term EPA ToxRefDB
LEL =75 mg/kg-day Rat oral subchronic EPA ToxRefDB
LEL =75 mg/kg-day Rat oral subchronic EPA ToxRefDB
LEL =75 mg/kg-day Mouse oral subchronic EPA ToxRefDB
LEL =38 mg/kg-day Mouse oral subchronic EPA ToxRefDB

IARC Carcinogenicity

International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO) monograph evaluation.

IARC Group
3
Volume
Sup 7, 77
Evaluation Year
2000

Sensitization AOP Dashboard

Adverse Outcome Pathway data across 5 assays (DPRA, KeratinoSens, hCLAT, LLNA, NESIL) aggregated from public sources.

DPRA Cys %
1.15%
DPRA Lys %
-7.45%
KeratinoSens IC50
1922.11 µM
hCLAT CV75
534 µg/mL
LLNA EC3
37.5%
NESIL
4966 µg/cm²
LLNA: Weak (1B) GHS: 1B Human: positive

Source: LLNA: Gerberick et al. (2005) | Vocanson et al. (2006); DPRA: Gerberick et al. 2007 [DOI:10.1093/toxsci/kfm064] | Unilever commissioned, Charles River; KS: Natsch et al. 2013 [DOI:10.1002/jat.2868] | Unilever commissioned, Charles River; hCLAT: Takenouchi et al. 2013 [DOI:10.2131/jts.38.599] | Unilever commissioned, IIVS; HPPT: [103] Greif N (1967): Cutaneous safety of fragrance material as measured by the maximization test.

HRIPT Human Patch Test Studies

5 human repeat insult patch tests aggregated from dermatological literature.

Test Type N Sensitized Dose µg/cm² NESIL µg/cm² Potency
HRIPT 104 0 3543 3543 non-sensitizer
HRIPT - 0 3543 3543 weak
HMT - 0 4965.52 - -
HRIPT - 0 5039.37 - -
OECD_DA_Human - 0 - - 1B (Weak sensitizer)

Endocrine Disruptor Evidence (Expanded)

Cross-referenced EDC classifications, mechanism data, and dose-response evidence from EDLists, SIN List, and cosmetic-specific detail sources.

Cosmetic-Specific Mechanism
Category: fragrance
Receptor targets: ERα, AhR
LOEC: 100 µM
EU status: restricted (max 0.1% leave-on; 1% rinse-off)

agonist (weak); AhR modulator

ECHA REACH Registration

European Chemicals Agency REACH dossier and Substances of Very High Concern listing.

Registration Type
Full
Tonnage Band
1,000 - 10,000 tonnes
Substance Type
SUBSTANCE
SVHC Candidate
No

Expanded Jurisdictional Detail

Additional regulatory detail beyond the 7-jurisdiction summary: Saudi SFDA, Korea MFDS, ASEAN ACD, Japan/Korea, Brazil/India, and cross-jurisdictional restriction entries.

SA Saudi SFDA (III - Restricted)
BRIN Brazil/India Cosmetics
Brazil: Restricted (Fragrance Allergen) · max >0.001% leave-on / >0.01% rinse-off requires labeling
India: Restricted
Additional Jurisdictional Restrictions (2)
Jurisdiction Status Max % Product Type
CN banned - -
GCC restricted 0.001 Leave-on products

IFRA Concentration Limits (12 Product Categories)

International Fragrance Association standards per product category. Restriction: Restriction. Effective: 2021-02-10.

Category Max % Category Max %
1 (Lip products) 0.05% 7a (Deodorant – not spray) 0.1%
2 (Body spray) 0.015% 7b (Deodorant spray) 0.1%
3 (Body cream) 0.05% 8 (Face cream) 0.017%
4 (Fine fragrance) 0.2% 9 (Soap) 0.2%
5a (Body lotion) 0.05% 10a (Household – non-spray) 0.2%
5b (Face cream leave-on) 0.05% 10b (Household – spray) 1.0%
5c (Hand cream) 0.05% 11a (Intimate – leave-on) 0.017%
5d (Baby cream) 0.017% 11b (Intimate – rinse) 0.017%
6 (Mouthwash) 0.05% 12 (Not for consumer exposure) No Restriction%

Additional Ingredient Properties

10 property records from structured ingredient metadata.

allergen_detail
{"eu_allergen_listed": "yes", "allergen_class": "fragrance", "cross_reactivity_group": "fragrance-mix-II", "patch_test_frequency_pct": "0.7", "sensitization_rate": "low", "common_reaction_type": "contact-dermatitis", "ifra_restricted": "yes", "ifra_max_level_pct": "0.8", "source": "ESSCA/IVDK"}
concentration
{"min_concentration_pct": "0.01", "max_concentration_pct": "0.5", "typical_concentration_pct": "0.2", "product_type": "Perfume", "function_at_concentration": "Fragrance component", "source": "EU Cosmetics Regulation (labeling required)"}
cost_pricing
{"cost_tier": "mid-range", "estimated_cost_per_kg_usd_low": "25", "estimated_cost_per_kg_usd_high": "45", "natural_premium_markup_pct": "0", "organic_certified_premium_pct": "0", "supply_chain_volatility": "low", "primary_source_region": "China/Europe", "bulk_discount_threshold_kg": "100", "seasonal_price_variation": "low", "commodity_or_specialty": "specialty", "substitute_ingredients": "Tonka Be…
dermal_absorption
{"molecular_weight_da": "146.1", "log_p_value": "1.39", "skin_penetration_level": "dermis", "penetration_depth": "epidermis/dermis", "absorption_pct": "20-35", "systemic_absorption": "yes", "penetration_enhancer": "yes", "occlusion_effect": "no", "vehicle_dependent": "yes", "skin_barrier_effect": "neutral", "bioavailability_topical_pct": "15-30", "safety_margin_factor": "very-high", "source": "SCC…
ecotoxicity
{"biodegradable": "yes", "biodegradation_days": "28-60", "bioaccumulative": "no", "aquatic_toxicity_level": "low", "coral_reef_safe": "yes", "marine_toxicity": "low aquatic toxicity", "freshwater_toxicity": "minimal impact", "endocrine_disruptor": "no", "persistent_organic_pollutant": "no", "microplastic": "no", "nano_particle": "no", "hawaii_banned": "no", "eu_restricted_environmental": "no", "pa…
fragrance
{"cas_number": "91-64-5", "ingredient_class": "aroma_chemical", "chemical_class": "coumarin", "odor_family": "gourmand", "odor_description": "Sweet hay, tonka bean, vanilla-like", "odor_strength": "strong", "odor_tenacity_hours": "72.0", "top_note": "no", "heart_note": "yes", "base_note": "yes", "blending_factor_1_10": "8.0", "threshold_of_detection_ppb": "10.0", "molecular_weight_Da": "146.14", "…
pediatric_safety
{"safe_for_newborn_0_6m": "avoid", "safe_for_infant_6_12m": "caution", "safe_for_toddler_1_3y": "caution", "safe_for_child_3_12y": "yes", "safe_for_teen_12_18y": "yes", "pediatric_max_concentration_pct": "0.1", "adult_max_concentration_pct": "unlimited", "pediatric_dermal_absorption_factor": "higher", "immature_skin_barrier_risk": "moderate", "oral_ingestion_risk": "moderate", "eye_irritation_risk…
pregnancy_detail
{"pregnancy_safe": "insufficient-data", "breastfeeding_safe": "insufficient-data", "risk_category": "not-rated", "reason": "Fragrance allergen; hepatotoxic at high doses; limited data", "alternative_ingredient": "Vanillin", "source": "dermatology literature"}

Function Categories & List Membership

Cosmetic/Chemical Function Categories
Brightener Deodorizer Dye Flavouring and nutrient Fragrance Pigment Processing aids not otherwise specified
Regulatory List Membership (6)
EU Regulated in Personal Care EU Restricted for Children (Cosmetics) IFRA Fragrance Transparency List FDA Substances Added to Food (EAFUS) Consumer Product Chemical EU CosIng Cosmetics Ingredient Database

Expert Verdict

Expert safety assessment and concern-level summary for Coumarin.

Regulatory Flags

eu-26-allergen label-declaration-required contact-allergen hepatotoxicity-concern sccs-limits iarc-3 eu_children_restricted ifra_fragrance fda_food_additive eu_cosing_listed

Known Synonyms

2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one Chromen-2-one 5-17-10-00143 2H-1-Benzopyran, 2-oxo- 2H-Benzo(b)pyran-2-one Benzo-alpha-pyrone 5,6-Benzo-alpha-pyrone BRN 0383644 Caswell No. 259C Cinnamic acid, o-hydroxy-, delta-lactone cis-o-Coumaric acid anhydride o-Coumaric acid lactone Coumarinic lactone EINECS 202-086-7 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 127301 3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic delta-lactone NCI C07103 2-Propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-delta-lactone UNII-A4VZ22K1WT 1, 2-Benzopyrone

Chemical Function

Fragrance

Regulatory Lists

Europe; Personal care; restricted Europe Canada; consumer_product; Substances in Products - Canada (4/2014) Cleaning products and household care - air freshener; Europe air; Cleaning products and household care - air freshener; detected; emissions; Europe Cleaning products and household care - air freshener; Europe Cleaning products and household care - air freshener; detected; Europe; Vehicle - car interior - auto air freshener Europe; Personal care - body hygiene - hand soap pharmaceutical children; Europe; Personal care children; Europe; Personal care - specialized bath products - bath salts children; Europe; Personal care - general moisturizing - hand/body lotion children; Europe; Personal care children; detected; Europe; Personal care - body hygiene - hand soap detected; Europe; Personal care - make-up and related detected; Europe; Personal care - make-up and related Cleaning products and household care - general household cleaning; Cleaning products and household care - laundry and fabric treatment; detected; Europe; Other direct contact consumer goods; Vehicle - car surface treatment - body cleaner consumer_product; detected; Europe

Australian Status

AICIS status: listed

Cross-Vertical Safety Context

Same-CAS public records found in pharmaceutical and food safety data.

SOURCE ChEMBL / DrugCentral / FAERS DB_PHARMA CAS match

Pharmaceutical Data

Same-CAS rows from the pharmaceutical spoke database.

Compound
COUMARIN
ChEMBL ID
CHEMBL6466
Max Phase
4
Adverse Event Associations
6
View full pharmaceutical profile →
SOURCE EFSA / FDA GRAS food_additives

Food Safety Data

Same-CAS food additive or FDA GRAS records from the core public database.

Food Name
COUMARIN--PROHIBITED
Food Category
flavoring
View full food safety profile →

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Coumarin safe in cosmetics?

Coumarin has a safety rating of "MODERATE" in our database. EU status: restricted. US status: permitted.

Is Coumarin allowed in the EU?

Coumarin EU regulatory status: restricted. Maximum allowed concentration: 10 ppm in leave-on products, 100 ppm in rinse-off products. This is based on EU Regulation 1223/2009 and its amendments.

What does Coumarin do in cosmetics?

Coumarin functions as: Fragrance; aroma chemical; sweet/hay/warm note; UV absorber. It is classified as a Fragrance in our database. CAS number: 91-64-5.

Is Coumarin used outside cosmetics?

Coumarin also appears in industrial chemical safety, pharmaceutical, and food safety data. The cross-vertical cards on this page render same-CAS public rows from the matched databases.

Does Coumarin have different safety status in cosmetics vs industrial chemicals?

Coumarin is classified GHS Danger (H301, H302, H317) in the chemicals database but is restricted in EU cosmetics at max 10 ppm in leave-on products, 100 ppm in rinse-off products.

Compliance Tools

Check Coumarin compliance across multiple jurisdictions:

Ingredient Decoder
Paste a full ingredient list for instant analysis
82 Allergen Checker
Check for EU declarable fragrance allergens
Substance Compliance
Check compliance across multiple jurisdictions
MoS Calculator
Calculate Margin of Safety using SCCS methodology
Heavy Metal Limits
Compare limits across jurisdictions

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