Also known as: Ethanedial, 4-01-00-03625, Aerotex glyoxal 40, BRN 1732463, EINECS 203-474-9 (+4 more)
INCI: GLYOXAL
Glyoxal (CAS 107-22-2) is a cosmetic cosmetic ingredient functioning as Preservative (formaldehyde releaser). NOAEL 100 mg/kg bw/day (PDF-verified against ToxValDB ECHA IUCLID); EU Regulation 1223/2009 status: restricted, max 0.05%; 1 safety opinion reviewed (CIR Safety Assessment). Industrial safety data is also available in the chemical safety database. Same-CAS public records also appear in industrial chemical safety and pharmaceutical data.
View industrial chemical safety profile for CAS 107-22-2 →
Glyoxal is classified GHS Danger (H302, H332, H315, H317, H319, H334, H335, H341) in the chemicals database but is restricted in EU cosmetics at max 0.05%.
Source: Cosmetics: ingredients.eu status/eu max; Chemicals: ghs classifications.signal word/hazard statement code
For full compliance data across multiple jurisdictions, use the Substance Compliance tool.
Margin of Safety, dermal absorption, and sensitization profile summaries for Glyoxal.
Calculate MoS for your specific formulation with the MoS Calculator.
10 study endpoints found for Glyoxal. NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) values are used to calculate the Margin of Safety per SCCS methodology.
| Endpoint | Value | Route | Species | Study Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOAEL | =100 mg/kg/day | oral | rat | oral toxicity | CIR Safety Assessment |
| NOAEL | =100 mg/kg/day | oral | rat | oral toxicity | CIR Safety Assessment |
| NOAEL | =100 mg/kg/day | oral | rat | oral toxicity | CIR Safety Assessment |
| NOAEL | =100 mg/kg/day | oral | rat | oral toxicity | CIR Safety Assessment |
| NOAEL | =25 mg/kg bw | - | - | Chronic toxicity | WHO/JECFA |
| NOAEL | =25 mg/kg bw | - | - | Chronic toxicity | WHO/JECFA |
| NOAEL | =125 mg/kg bw/day | oral | Rat | Subchronic toxicity | WHO/JECFA |
| NOAEL | =125 mg/kg bw | - | Rat | Toxicology study | WHO/JECFA |
| NOAEL | =125 mg/kg bw | - | Rat | Toxicology study | WHO/JECFA |
| NOAEL | =5 mg/kg bw | oral | rat | NOAEL study | SCCS Opinion |
Globally Harmonized System classification per ECHA C&L inventory and ILO/WHO International Chemical Safety Cards.
Official safety assessments from the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) and Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR).
to limit the concentration of free formaldehyde, the Expert Panel concluded that Glyoxal is safe for use in products intended to be applied to the nail at concentrations < 1.25%. The available data are insufficient to support the safety for other uses, if any. INTRODUCTION Glyoxal (CAS No. 1
Pre-calculated NOAEL → SED → MoS audit trail for Glyoxal across SCCS product categories, with measured dermal absorption where available.
Contact sensitization data for Glyoxal based on clinical patch test studies and IFRA standards.
Source: ESSCA; IVDK; NACDG
Legally binding harmonized classification per Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) Annex VI.
Inserted via ATP: CLP00
Adverse Outcome Pathway data across 5 assays (DPRA, KeratinoSens, hCLAT, LLNA, NESIL) aggregated from public sources.
Source: LLNA: Gerberick et al. (2005) | Schneider & Akkan (2004); DPRA: Gerberick et al. 2007 [DOI:10.1093/toxsci/kfm064] | Nukada personal communication (undated); KS: Natsch et al. 2013 [DOI:10.1002/jat.2868] | Natsch et al. 2011 [DOI:10.1021/tx2003678]; hCLAT: Ashikaga et al. 2010 [DOI:10.1177/026119291003800403]; HPPT: [27] Kligman AM (1966): https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.1966.160
2 human repeat insult patch tests aggregated from dermatological literature.
| Test Type | N | Sensitized | Dose µg/cm² | NESIL µg/cm² | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HMT | - | 0 | 6206.9 | - | - |
| OECD_DA_Human | - | 0 | - | - | 1A (Strong sensitizer) |
European Chemicals Agency REACH dossier and Substances of Very High Concern listing.
Additional regulatory detail beyond the 7-jurisdiction summary: Saudi SFDA, Korea MFDS, ASEAN ACD, Japan/Korea, Brazil/India, and cross-jurisdictional restriction entries.
| Jurisdiction | Status | Max % | Product Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR | restricted | 0.01 | As impurity/trace only; max 100 mg/kg (0.01%) |
| ASEAN | restricted | 100 mg/kg | All products |
Cross-database dermal penetration: EPA Dryad physics-based, Roberts Mendeley permeation, and SCCS-aggregated measured values.
| Type | DA % | Method | Skin Model | SCCS Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| measured | 100.0% | in_vitro | - | SCCP/0023 |
1 property record from structured ingredient metadata.
Safety and regulatory annotations from PubChem (NCBI) aggregated sources.
Expert safety assessment and concern-level summary for Glyoxal.
Public NOAEL study rows linked to Glyoxal by CAS number or substance name.
Units vary across source rows: mg/kg bw, mg/kg bw/day, mg/kg/day
| Absorption % | Method | Vehicle |
|---|---|---|
| 100.0% | in_vitro | - |
Same-CAS public records found in pharmaceutical data.
Same-CAS rows from the pharmaceutical spoke database.
Glyoxal has a safety rating of "POOR" in our database. EU status: restricted. US status: restricted. 10 toxicological study endpoint(s) are available in our database. This ingredient has been reviewed by CIR Safety Assessment.
Glyoxal EU regulatory status: restricted. Maximum allowed concentration: 0.05%. This is based on EU Regulation 1223/2009 and its amendments.
Glyoxal functions as: Preservative (formaldehyde releaser). It is classified as a cosmetic ingredient in our database. CAS number: 107-22-2.
The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for Glyoxal is =100 mg/kg/day based on a oral toxicity study via oral route in rat. A total of 10 study endpoints are available. Source: CIR Safety Assessment.
Glyoxal also appears in industrial chemical safety and pharmaceutical data. The cross-vertical cards on this page render same-CAS public rows from the matched databases.
Glyoxal is classified GHS Danger (H302, H332, H315, H317, H319, H334, H335, H341) in the chemicals database but is restricted in EU cosmetics at max 0.05%.
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