Is Retinyl Palmitate safe in cosmetics?
Retinyl Palmitate has a safety rating of "GOOD" in our database. EU status: restricted. US status: permitted. 7 toxicological study endpoint(s) are available in our database.
Retinyl Palmitate
Also known as: All-trans-retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A palmitate, BRN 1917366, EINECS 201-228-5, Vitamin A solubilized (+14 more)
INCI: RETINYL PALMITATE
Retinyl Palmitate (CAS 79-81-2) is a cosmetic active ingredient functioning as skin-conditioning, antioxidant. Reported NOAEL 1.2 mg/kg bw/day in rat (COSMOS_DB); EU Regulation 1223/2009 status: restricted, max 0.3%. Industrial safety data is also available in the chemical safety database. Same-CAS public records also appear in industrial chemical safety and pharmaceutical data.
View industrial chemical safety profile for CAS 79-81-2 →
Auto-generated CPSR Part A draft with source citations
Cross-Vertical Regulatory Divergence
Retinyl Palmitate is classified GHS Danger (H315, H360, H361, H413) in the chemicals database but is restricted in EU cosmetics at max 0.3%.
Source: Cosmetics: ingredients.eu_status/eu_max; Chemicals: ghs_classifications.signal_word/hazard_statement_code
Function
skin-conditioning, antioxidant
Safety Rating
GOOD
Regulatory Status
EU EU Status
restricted
EU Max Conc.
0.3%
US US Status
permitted
US Notes
Safe at use levels; least potent retinoid; primarily antioxidant role
For full compliance data across multiple jurisdictions, use the Substance Compliance tool.
Safety Data
Margin of Safety, dermal absorption, and sensitization profile summaries for Retinyl Palmitate.
Calculate MoS for your specific formulation with the MoS Calculator.
Toxicological Studies
7 study endpoints found for Retinyl Palmitate. NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) values are used to calculate the Margin of Safety per SCCS methodology.
| Endpoint | Value | Route | Species | Study Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOAEL | 1.2 mg/kg bw/day | oral | rat | Chronic | COSMOS_DB |
| NOAEL | 1.4 mg/kg bw/day | oral | rat | Special Toxicology Study | COSMOS_DB |
| NOAEL | 4.09999990463 mg/kg bw/day | oral | primate | Developmental | COSMOS_DB |
| NOAEL | 5.5 mg/kg bw/day | oral | rat | Neurotoxicity | COSMOS_DB |
| NOAEL | 14 mg/kg bw/day | oral | dog | Chronic | COSMOS_DB |
| NOAEL | 24 mg/kg bw/day | oral | rat | Developmental | COSMOS_DB |
| NOAEL | =2.688 mg/kg bw/day | oral | Rat | subchronic | ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID |
Dermal Penetration Profile
Skin absorption and penetration characteristics of Retinyl Palmitate, relevant to systemic exposure and MoS calculations.
Absorption %
1-3%
Penetration Level
stratum-corneum
Penetration Depth
stratum corneum
Molecular Weight
524.9 Da
Log P
13.5
Systemic Absorption
minimal
Topical Bioavailability
0.5-2%
Safety Margin Factor
variable
Vehicle Dependent
Yes — absorption varies by formulation
Source: SCCS/1378/10
EPA ToxValDB — Toxicity Values
9 toxicity values from EPA ToxValDB (aggregated from CCTE, HPV, ToxRefDB, IRIS, and other regulatory dossiers).
| Endpoint | Value | Species | Route | Duration | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LD50 | >2000 mg/kg | Rat | oral | - | ECHA IUCLID |
| LD50 | =7910 mg/kg | Rat | oral | - | ECHA IUCLID |
| LOAEL | =10.368 mg/kg-day | Rat | oral | subchronic | ECHA IUCLID |
| LOAEL | =10.752 mg/kg-day | Rat | oral | subchronic | ECHA IUCLID |
| NOAEL | =2.592 mg/kg-day | Rat | oral | subchronic | ECHA IUCLID |
| NOAEL | =2.688 mg/kg-day | Rat | oral | subchronic | ECHA IUCLID |
| NOEL | <2.592 mg/kg-day | Rat | oral | subchronic | ECHA IUCLID |
| LD50 | =6060 mg/kg | Mouse | oral | - | ChemIDplus |
| LD50 | =7910 mg/kg | Rat | oral | - | ChemIDplus |
Endocrine Disruptor Evidence (Expanded)
Cross-referenced EDC classifications, mechanism data, and dose-response evidence from EDLists, SIN List, and cosmetic-specific detail sources.
Cosmetic-Specific Mechanism
Category: other
Receptor targets: RAR, RXR
LOEC: 100 nM
EU status: restricted (max 0.3% face leave-on; EU 2024/996)
agonist (RAR/RXR via conversion to retinol)
ECHA REACH Registration
European Chemicals Agency REACH dossier and Substances of Very High Concern listing.
Registration Type
Full
Tonnage Band
100 - 1,000 tonnes
Substance Type
SUBSTANCE; GROUP
SVHC Candidate
No
Expanded Jurisdictional Detail
Additional regulatory detail beyond the 7-jurisdiction summary: Saudi SFDA, Korea MFDS, ASEAN ACD, Japan/Korea, Brazil/India, and cross-jurisdictional restriction entries.
Additional Jurisdictional Restrictions (5)
| Jurisdiction | Status | Max % | Product Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN | restricted | 0.3 | Face and body leave-on products |
| AU | restricted | 0.3 | anti-aging products |
| SA | restricted | 0.3 | Leave-on and rinse-off products |
| AE | restricted | 0.3 | Leave-on and rinse-off products |
| UK | restricted | - | - |
Typical Use Concentrations
Reported concentration ranges per product category from SCCS/CIR/industry sources.
| Product Category | Typical Range | Max Reported | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Face Cream | 0.1–1 | 2 | CIR/VCRP |
| Body Lotion | 0.1–1 | 2 | CIR/VCRP |
Additional Ingredient Properties
10 property records from structured ingredient metadata.
acne
{"cas_number": "79-81-2", "anti_acne_mechanism": "keratolytic/comedolytic", "comedogenicity_rating_0_to_5": "2", "acne_type_efficacy": "inflammatory", "sebum_reduction_pct_clinical": "0-10", "prescription_required_usa": "No", "otc_drug_monograph_category": "No", "max_otc_concentration_pct": "No limit", "japan_quasi_drug_anti_acne": "No", "korea_functional_cosmetic_acne": "No", "eu_cosmetic_restric…
anti_aging
{"anti_aging_claim": "anti-wrinkle, hydration-plumping, antioxidant-protection", "mechanism_of_action": "Ester form converted to retinol then retinoic acid, gentler conversion pathway", "target_skin_layer": "epidermis", "collagen_stimulation": "Mild", "elastin_protection": "Mild", "wrinkle_reduction_pct": "5-15", "clinical_study_duration_weeks": "24", "sample_size": "97", "double_blind": "Yes", "p…
anti_pollution
{"cas_number": "79-81-2", "ingredient_class": "other", "primary_mechanism": "barrier_reinforcement", "pollution_types_targeted": "PM2_5", "IR_A_protection": "no", "visible_light_protection": "no", "digital_screen_protection_claim": "no", "PAH_neutralization": "no", "ozone_protection": "no", "mitochondrial_protection": "no", "Nrf2_activation": "no", "AhR_pathway_modulation": "no", "NF_kB_inhibition…
baby_pediatric
{"cas_number": "79-81-2", "ingredient_class": "other", "pediatric_safety_rating": "avoid", "minimum_age_months": "24", "neonatal_safe": "no", "premature_infant_safe": "insufficient_data", "skin_barrier_maturity_consideration": "Vitamin A - caution pediatric", "transepidermal_absorption_risk_pediatric": "low", "systemic_exposure_concern_pediatric": "low", "dose_per_kg_body_weight_concern": "Appropr…
comedogenicity_detail
{"comedogenicity_rating": "1", "irritancy_rating": "2", "skin_type_suitability": "combination,normal,mature", "acne_safe": "caution", "source": "Stable retinoid"}
concentration
{"min_concentration_pct": "0.1", "max_concentration_pct": "0.5", "typical_concentration_pct": "0.25", "product_type": "Sunscreen", "function_at_concentration": "Anti-aging adjunct", "source": "CIR Safety Assessment"}
cost_pricing
{"cost_tier": "mid-range", "estimated_cost_per_kg_usd_low": "45", "estimated_cost_per_kg_usd_high": "85", "natural_premium_markup_pct": "0", "organic_certified_premium_pct": "0", "supply_chain_volatility": "low", "primary_source_region": "Global (synthetic)", "bulk_discount_threshold_kg": "25", "seasonal_price_variation": "low", "commodity_or_specialty": "specialty", "substitute_ingredients": "Ret…
dermal_absorption
{"molecular_weight_da": "524.9", "log_p_value": "13.5", "skin_penetration_level": "stratum-corneum", "penetration_depth": "stratum corneum", "absorption_pct": "1-3", "systemic_absorption": "minimal", "penetration_enhancer": "no", "occlusion_effect": "no", "vehicle_dependent": "yes", "skin_barrier_effect": "neutral", "bioavailability_topical_pct": "0.5-2", "safety_margin_factor": "variable", "sourc…
Function Categories & List Membership
Cosmetic/Chemical Function Categories
Antioxidant
Dye
Flavouring and nutrient
Pharmaceutical
Softener and conditioner
Regulatory List Membership (2)
EU Regulated in Personal Care
FDA Substances Added to Food (EAFUS)
Expert Verdict
Expert safety assessment and concern-level summary for Retinyl Palmitate.
Regulatory Flags
pregnancy-caution
eu-restricted
low-potency
fda_food_additive
NOAEL Studies Summary
View details ->Public NOAEL study rows linked to Retinyl Palmitate by CAS number or substance name.
Studies
7
Lowest NOAEL
1.2 mg/kg bw/day
Highest NOAEL
24 mg/kg bw/day
COSMOS_DB
ToxValDB_ECHA_IUCLID
Known Synonyms
All-trans-retinyl palmitate
Vitamin A palmitate
BRN 1917366
EINECS 201-228-5
Vitamin A solubilized
UNII-1D1K0N0VVC
Ester found in fish liver oils
Lutavit A 500 Plus
Myvak
Myvax
Optovit A
Optovit-A
Retinyl hexadecanoate
Retinyl hexadecanoic acid
Retinyl palmitic acid
[(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl] hexadecanoate
all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate
hexadecanoic acid [(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl] ester
palmitic acid [(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl] ester
Chemical Function
Softener and conditioner
Pharmaceutical
Regulatory Lists
Europe; supplements
Europe; food_additive; supplements
Europe; Personal care
Europe; Personal care
food_additive; Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) (2/2019)
Australian Status
AICIS status: listed
Cross-Vertical Safety Context
Same-CAS public records found in pharmaceutical data.
SOURCE
ChEMBL / DrugCentral / FAERS
DB_PHARMA CAS match
Pharmaceutical Data
Same-CAS rows from the pharmaceutical spoke database.
Compound
VITAMIN A PALMITATE
ChEMBL ID
CHEMBL1675
Max Phase
4
Adverse Event Associations
1665
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Retinyl Palmitate allowed in the EU?
Retinyl Palmitate EU regulatory status: restricted. Maximum allowed concentration: 0.3%. This is based on EU Regulation 1223/2009 and its amendments.
What does Retinyl Palmitate do in cosmetics?
Retinyl Palmitate functions as: skin-conditioning, antioxidant. It is classified as a Active Ingredient in our database. CAS number: 79-81-2.
What is the NOAEL for Retinyl Palmitate?
The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for Retinyl Palmitate is 1.2 mg/kg bw/day based on a Chronic study via oral route in rat. A total of 7 study endpoints are available. Source: COSMOS_DB.
Is Retinyl Palmitate used outside cosmetics?
Retinyl Palmitate also appears in industrial chemical safety and pharmaceutical data. The cross-vertical cards on this page render same-CAS public rows from the matched databases.
Does Retinyl Palmitate have different safety status in cosmetics vs industrial chemicals?
Retinyl Palmitate is classified GHS Danger (H315, H360, H361, H413) in the chemicals database but is restricted in EU cosmetics at max 0.3%.
Compliance Tools
Check Retinyl Palmitate compliance across multiple jurisdictions:
Ingredient Decoder
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82 Allergen Checker
Check for EU declarable fragrance allergens
Substance Compliance
Check compliance across multiple jurisdictions
MoS Calculator
Calculate Margin of Safety using SCCS methodology
Heavy Metal Limits
Compare limits across jurisdictions
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Chemical family
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Chemical family
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ACRYLIC ACID
Good
Chemical family
Nail Conditioning
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